Floods and other environmental crises have caused massive displacement in Pakistan, most of this migration remaining within the country. Often, climate-displaced people go to the megacity of Karachi, where many settle permanently. This article offers perspectives from climate migrants living in several informal settlements in Karachi.
Patterns of migration from Central Asia are changing amid deteriorating conditions in Russia following its 2022 invasion of Ukraine and a 2024 terrorist attack in Moscow blamed on Tajik nationals. Some labor migrants from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan are looking to new destinations in Europe and beyond, bringing its own set of challenges.
Indian immigrants comprise the second largest foreign-born group in the United States, even though they tend to have arrived more recently. Immigrants from India tend to have considerably more education than other groups and roughly one-fifth live in California. This article offers a range of information about this diverse group.
While the term "climate refugee” is often used colloquially, people displaced by environmental factors are not actually eligible for refugee status on that basis. However, policymakers and advocates have begun to experiment with approaches to protection by other means. This article reviews the initiatives, including a novel visa in Australia and the ways that longstanding legal frameworks have been used to encompass people deeply affected by climate change.
With limited land, low fertility, and a changing economy, Singapore has long depended on immigration to grow its labor force and global competitiveness while preserving national identity. This country profile examines how the nation has managed migration-related challenges in adapting to shifting demographic, economic, and political pressures.
The time that immigrants and other diaspora members spend volunteering to support their homeland is rarely considered to be a measurable remittance. That oversight ignores the large value of these contributions, which can come from medical professionals, academics, and many others. This article explores the possibility of assigning a numeric value to these types of investments.
Some countries with large diasporas have sought to maximize incoming remittances and channel them into particular sectors. Diaspora engagement policies are not always successful, but research shows that they are generally accompanied by increased remittance sending. This article explains the connection and explores some of the factors affecting remittance levels.
The United States remains the top destination for Chinese students studying internationally, although numbers have declined significantly in recent years. Most Chinese students at U.S. colleges and universities say they have experienced discrimination, and those who have are much more likely to want return to China, according to survey data contained in this article.
Many countries have sought to encourage immigrants’ participation in sports as a pathway to integration. These efforts have followed broader social policy shifts and evolved as policymakers have reconsidered the process of integration. This article examines how sports programming has been used to aid newcomers' settlement in their communities.
As the number of defections from North to South Korea has declined, South Korea has struggled to respond to a new trend: a rising number of children born during defectors' long stays in China or other third country. As this article explains, these children automatically become South Korean citizens upon arrival but are not eligible for the range of government benefits designed to support defectors, leaving many to fall through the cracks.
Children and youth who are displaced by climate events face unique barriers to accessing and completing school. Children comprise a disproportionately large share of the world’s forcibly displaced people, and even temporary displacement can have permanent ramifications for their education, livelihood prospects, and well-being. This article explores the connections between climate change, mobility, and education.
Nearly one-third of all immigrants in the United States come from Asia, more than any other region except Latin America. Compared to both the U.S. born and overall foreign-born population, immigrants from Asia tend to have higher levels of education and income. This article offers useful statistics about this group, which represents a growing share of the U.S. immigrant population.
Japan and South Korea clearly need workers, as their native-born populations age and shrink. Slowly, the countries have embraced immigration to fill the gap—but systems still remain restrictive. This article spells out the countries' similar evolving approaches: The creation of multi-tiered visa systems that preference temporary immigration.
Chinese immigrants comprise the third largest foreign-born group in the United States, although numbers declined slightly following the COVID-19 pandemic's outbreak. Historical arrivals of laborers from China in the 19th century prompted some of the first U.S. immigration restrictions, but recent immigrants have tended to be better educated and earn higher incomes than the U.S. born. This article provides a wealth of data about this group.
Iran, host to the world's largest refugee population, has long served as a refuge for Afghans escaping instability and conflict. The government welcomed refugees and other migrants from Afghanistan and beyond in previous eras, but its approach has grown increasingly restrictive in recent years, driven by economic strains and security concerns. This article reviews the periods of forced migration from Afghanistan to Iran and the Iranian government's responses over recent decades.
Immigrants with university-level degrees are over-represented across many high-income countries, yet a significant number face "brain waste" in that they are working in jobs well below their skill levels or are unemployed. This article details the changing policy environment to improve credential recognition, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Indians comprise one of the largest and fastest-growing immigrant populations in the United States. Compared to both the overall immigrant population and the U.S. born, Indian immigrants are much more likely to have a college degree and earn high incomes. This article offers a wide-ranging overview of this group.
New Zealand, once chiefly a destination for British and Irish settlers, has become a destination for temporary labor and student migration from Asia and beyond. Immigrants comprised 29 percent of the population as of 2023, but many have temporary statuses that do not offer full residence rights. This article provides a wide-ranging overview of the country's past and present trends and policies.
Facing extreme storms, rising sea levels, and other environmental challenges, Bangladesh is one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries. It is also a major origin of emigration, with millions of Bangladeshis living abroad—especially in India. This article traces how climate impacts are prompting and shaping migration from and within Bangladesh.
Turkey is engaged in wide-ranging efforts to halt irregular migration and break up migrant smuggling networks. In recent years, the government has installed a three-meter-high wall along much of its borders with Syria and Iran, arrested thousands of smugglers, and engaged in agreements and cooperation with the European Union. This article explains the motivations behind the enforcement and how the strategy is evolving.
