E.g., 10/02/2023
E.g., 10/02/2023
State Income Data - TX
 

Texas

Income & Poverty
2021
2000
1990
Poverty

Note: Poverty status is not determined for unrelated individuals under the age of 15 (such as foster children) or for persons lacking conventional housing.

Note: The term "foreign born" refers to people residing in the United States at the time of the population survey who were not U.S. citizens at birth. The foreign-born population includes naturalized U.S. citizens, lawful permanent immigrants (or green-card holders), refugees and asylees, certain legal nonimmigrants (including those on student, work, or some other temporary visas), and persons residing in the country without authorization.

Foreign Born
Population (for whom poverty status is determined) (%)

Note: Data for Alaska, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming are from the U.S. Census Bureau's pooled 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS). Data for the United States overall and for the remaining states are from the 2021 ACS.

 5,053,060
Below 100% of the poverty level 16.9%
100-199% of the poverty level 22.8%
At or above 200% of the poverty level 60.3%
People in Poverty: Change over Time  
% change: 2000-2021 24.1%
% change: 1990-2000 46.0%
% Families in Poverty by Family Type

Note: Data for Alaska, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming are from the U.S. Census Bureau's pooled 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS). Data for the United States overall and for the remaining states are from the 2021 ACS.

  
All families (among those for whom poverty status is determined) 16.5%
With related children under age 18
 21.0%
With related children under age 5
 17.3%
Married-couple families 12.3%
With related children under age 18
 14.7%
With related children under age 5
 11.8%
Families with female householder, no husband present 34.0%
With related children under age 18
 45.2%
With related children under age 5
 44.0%
Poverty by U.S. Citizenship Status (among the foreign born)  
Naturalized citizens 2,117,131
Below 100% of the poverty level
 11.2%
100-199% of the poverty level
 17.3%
At or above 200% of the poverty level
 71.5%
Noncitizens 2,935,929
Below 100% of the poverty level
 21.0%
100-199% of the poverty level
 26.8%
At or above 200% of the poverty level
 52.2%
Foreign Born Living in Poverty by Region of Birth

Note: The letter N Indicates that a number could not be provided by the Census Bureau because the number of sample cases was too small for this state.

  
Born in Africa N
Below 100% of the poverty level
 N
Born in Asia 1,156,392
Below 100% of the poverty level
 9.8%
Born in Europe 225,317
Below 100% of the poverty level
 7.2%
Born in Latin America (South America, Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean) 3,293,907
Below 100% of the poverty level
 20.2%
Born in Northern America (Canada, Bermuda, Greenland, and St. Pierre and Miquelon) N
Below 100% of the poverty level
 N
Born in Oceania N
Below 100% of the poverty level
 N

Note: The term "U.S. born" refers to people residing in the United States who were U.S. citizens in one of three categories: people born in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia; people born in U.S. Insular Areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam; or people who were born abroad to at least one U.S. citizen parent.

U.S. Born
Population (for whom poverty status is determined) (%) 23,880,578
Below 100% of the poverty level 13.7%
100-199% of the poverty level 17.1%
At or above 200% of the poverty level 69.2%
People in Poverty: Change over Time  
% change: 2000-2011 36.0%
% change: 1990-2000 -3.7%
% Families in Poverty by Family Type  
All families (among those for whom poverty status is determined) 9.3%
With related children under age 18
 13.9%
With related children under age 5
 13.2%
Married-couple families 4.4%
With related children under age 18
 5.4%
With related children under age 5
 4.6%
Families with female householder, no husband present 25.3%
With related children under age 18
 33.7%
With related children under age 5
 37.5%
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Foreign Born
Population (for whom poverty status is determined) (%) 2,879,785
Below 100% of the poverty level 23.9%
100-199% of the poverty level 30.2%
At or above 200% of the poverty level 45.9%
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
U.S. Born
Population (for whom poverty status is determined) (%) 17,437,883
Below 100% of the poverty level 13.8%
100-199% of the poverty level 19.0%
At or above 200% of the poverty level 67.3%
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Foreign Born
Population (for whom poverty status is determined) (%) 1,486,943
Below 100% of the poverty level 31.7%
100-199% of the poverty level 29.8%
At or above 200% of the poverty level 38.5%
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
U.S. Born
Population (for whom poverty status is determined) (%) 15,056,820
Below 100% of the poverty level 16.6%
100-199% of the poverty level 20.0%
At or above 200% of the poverty level 63.4%
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
Population (age 5 and older)
 
 
Poverty by Language Spoken at Home Number
Household population (among those for whom poverty status is determined, age 5 and older) 27,072,093
Below 100% of the poverty level 3,728,282
Speaks only English
 17,570,056
Below 100% of the poverty level 2,008,553
Speaks Spanish
 7,712,338
Below 100% of the poverty level 1,518,417
Speaks other Indo-European languages
 658,518
Below 100% of the poverty level 66,152
Speaks Asian or Pacific Island languages
 828,095
Below 100% of the poverty level 72,587
Speaks other languages
 303,086
Below 100% of the poverty level 62,573
%
Household population (among those for whom poverty status is determined, age 5 and older) 100%
Below 100% of the poverty level 13.8%
Speaks only English 100%
Below 100% of the poverty level 11.4%
Speaks only Spanish 100%
Below 100% of the poverty level 19.7%
Speaks other Indo-European languages 100%
Below 100% of the poverty level 10.0%
Speaks Asian or Pacific Island languages 100%
Below 100% of the poverty level 8.8%
Speaks other languages 100%
Below 100% of the poverty level 20.6%
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Earnings

Note: Data for Alaska, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming are from the U.S. Census Bureau's pooled 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS). Data for the United States overall and for the remaining states are from the 2021 ACS.

 Foreign Born
Full-Time, Year-Round Workers (age 16 and older). Earnings in the Current Year Inflation-Adjusted Dollars (%) 2,256,921
Earned $1-$9,999, or incurred a loss 2.2%
Earned $10,000-$14,999 3.5%
Earned $15,000-$24,999 14.1%
Earned $25,000-$34,999 18.1%
Earned $35,000-$49,999 17.9%
Earned $50,000-$74,999 18.6%
Earned $75,000 or more 25.7%
Full-Time, Year-Round Workers (age 16 and older) Earnings in the Current Year Inflation-Adjusted Dollars (%) by U.S. Citizenship  
Naturalized citizens (%) 1,013,832
Earned $1-$9,999, or incurred a loss
 1.7%
Earned $10,000-$14,999
 2.7%
Earned $15,000-$24,999
 9.4%
Earned $25,000-$34,999
 13.3%
Earned $35,000-$49,999
 17.0%
Earned $50,000-$74,999
 22.2%
Earned $75,000 or more
 33.7%
Noncitizens (%) 1,243,089
Earned $1-$9,999, or incurred a loss
 2.6%
Earned $10,000-$14,999
 4.2%
Earned $15,000-$24,999
 17.9%
Earned $25,000-$34,999
 21.9%
Earned $35,000-$49,999
 18.6%
Earned $50,000-$74,999
 15.7%
Earned $75,000 or more
 19.1%
Median Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers (age 16 and older) in the Current Year Inflation-Adjusted Dollars by Gender Foreign Born
Male $47,959
Female $36,264
Median Earnings of Foreign-Born Full-Time, Year-Round Workers (age 16 and older) in the Current Year Inflation-Adjusted Dollars by U.S. Citizenship Status and Gender  
Naturalized citizens  
Male
 $61,568
Female
 $46,159
Noncitizens  
Male
 $40,772
Female
 $30,093
U.S. Born
Earnings of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers (age 16 and older) in the Current Year Inflation-Adjusted Dollars (%) 8,007,433
Earned $1-$9,999, or incurred a loss 1.9%
Earned $10,000-$14,999 2.8%
Earned $15,000-$24,999 9.1%
Earned $25,000-$34,999 13.3%
Earned $35,000-$49,999 18.0%
Earned $50,000-$74,999 24.9%
Earned $75,000 or more 30.1%
Nothing 1  
Nothing 2  
Nothing 3  
Nothing 4  
Nothing 5  
Nothing 6  
Nothing 7  
Nothing 8  
Nothing 9  
Nothing 10  
Nothing 11  
Nothing 12  
Nothing 13  
Nothing 14  
Nothing 15  
Nothing 16  
Nothing 17  
Native Born Native Born
Male $59,963
Female $47,085
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
Median Household Income

Note: Data for Alaska, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming are from the U.S. Census Bureau's pooled 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS). Data for the United States overall and for the remaining states are from the 2021 ACS.

 Foreign Born
Median Household Income $59,947
Median Household Income by U.S. Citizenship Status  
Naturalized citizens $72,051
Noncitizens $50,630
U.S. Born
Median Household Income $69,104
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
Home Ownership Rate

Note: 1) Refers to the percentage owner households represent among all occupied households. 2) Data for Alaska, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming are from the U.S. Census Bureau's pooled 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS). Data for the United States overall and for the remaining states are from the 2021 ACS. 3) The letter N Indicates that a number could not be provided by the Census Bureau because the number of sample cases was too small for this state.

 Foreign Born
Home Ownership Rate 60.2%
Home Ownership Rate by Householder's U.S. Citizenship Status  
Naturalized citizens 76.9%
Noncitizens 44.6%
U.S. Born
Home Ownership Rate 63.3%
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
Health Insurance Coverage

Note: Since some people may hold both private and public health insurance coverage at the same time, estimates of those with private health insurance and those with public coverage may overlap. Their sum therefore may be greater than the total number of people with health insurance.

Foreign Born
Civilian noninstitutionalized population (%) 5,056,063
With health insurance 64.6%
With private health insurance
 50.2%
With public coverage
 19.2%
No health insurance coverage 35.4%
Health Insurance Coverage by U.S. Citizenship Status  
Naturalized Citizens (%) 2,111,911
With health insurance 83.7%
With private health insurance
 65.2%
With public coverage
 27.2%
No health insurance coverage 16.3%
Noncitizens (%) 2,944,152
With health insurance 50.8%
With private health insurance
 39.5%
With public coverage
 13.4%
No health insurance coverage 49.2%
U.S. Born
Civilian noninstitutionalized population (%) 24,010,809
With health insurance 85.7%
With private health insurance
 63.8%
With public coverage
 31.9%
No health insurance coverage 14.3%
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

Sources: Migration Policy Institute tabulations of the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) and Decennial Census. Unless stated otherwise, 2021 data are from the one-year ACS file. For information about ACS definitions, click here. For ACS methodology, sampling error, and nonsampling error, click here. Estimates from 1990 and 2000 Decennial Census data as well as ACS microdata are from Steven Ruggles, Sarah Flood, Ronald Goeken, Megan Schouweiler and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS USA: Version 12.0 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2022. https://doi.org/10.18128/D010.V12.0.

Definitions

  • The term "foreign born" refers to people residing in the United States at the time of the population survey who were not U.S. citizens at birth. The foreign-born population includes naturalized U.S. citizens, lawful permanent immigrants (or green-card holders), refugees and asylees, certain legal nonimmigrants (including those on student, work, or some other temporary visas), and persons residing in the country without authorization.
  • The term "U.S. born" refers to people residing in the United States who were U.S. citizens in one of three categories: people born in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia; people born in U.S. Insular Areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam; or people who were born abroad to at least one U.S. citizen parent.
  • Poverty status is not determined for unrelated individuals under the age of 15 (such as foster children) or for persons lacking conventional housing. 
  • The term “home ownership rate” refers to the percentage owner households represent among all occupied households.

Data-related notes

  • The letter N Indicates that a number could not be provided by the Census Bureau because the number of sample cases was too small for this state.
  • For “Poverty,” “Earnings,” “Median Household Income,” and “Home Ownership Rate”: Data for Alaska, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming are from the Census Bureau's pooled 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS). Data for the United States overall and for the remaining states are from the 2021 ACS.
  • In the “% Families in Poverty by Family Type” section, “related children” refer to “related children of the householder.”
  • “Health Insurance Coverage”: Private coverage includes employer- or union-provided insurance, insurance purchased directly, and TRICARE (the health program of the U.S. military) or other military health care. Public coverage includes Medicare, Medicaid, or another governmental medical assistance program, and Veterans Administration health care. Individuals can be covered by more than one type of insurance, and they can be covered by both private and public insurers. Since some people may hold both private and public health insurance coverage at the same time, estimates of those with private health insurance and those with public coverage may overlap. Their sum therefore may be greater than the total number of people with health insurance.