E.g., 06/03/2026
E.g., 06/03/2026
COVID-19 Analysis and Data

COVID-19 Analysis and Data

covid19maskmikabaumeister unsplash
Beginning in January 2020, governments around the world turned to migration management tools—such as border closures, travel restrictions, and bars on asylum—initially in hopes of keeping COVID-19 from entering their countries, and later as part of a wider suite of mobility restrictions to contain the spread. These fast-moving policy changes, some short term, others leaving a lasting mark on immigration systems, are being analyzed by MPI and MPI Europe researchers.

Recent Activity

A farmworker from Africa in a field in Southern Italy.
Cover image for Bridging the Gap between the Gig Economy and Migration Policy
Policy Briefs
July 2024
By  Colleen Putzel-Kavanaugh and Meghan Benton
Cover image for The State of Global Mobility in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Reports
April 2024
By  Meghan Benton, Lawrence Huang, Jeanne Batalova and Tino Tirado
U.S. Border Patrol agents transporting migrants to the U.S.-Mexico border
Articles
Cover image for Lessons from COVID-19
Policy Briefs
March 2024
By  Meghan Benton and Lawrence Huang
Cover image for Bridging the Gap between the Gig Economy and Migration Policy
Policy Briefs
July 2024
By  Colleen Putzel-Kavanaugh and Meghan Benton
Cover image for The State of Global Mobility in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Reports
April 2024
By  Meghan Benton, Lawrence Huang, Jeanne Batalova and Tino Tirado
Cover image for Lessons from COVID-19
Policy Briefs
March 2024
By  Meghan Benton and Lawrence Huang
Cover image for Converging Crises
Reports
March 2024
By  Luisa Feline Freier, Andrea Kvietok and Leon Lucar Oba
Cover image for Immigrants’ Eligibility for U.S. Public Benefits: A Primer
Reports
January 2024
By  Valerie Lacarte, Julia Gelatt and Ashley Podplesky
A farmworker from Africa in a field in Southern Italy.

Many migrant farmworkers in Italy work under exploitative conditions that some critics describe as modern-day slavery. Often, asylum seekers and other migrants originally hoping to transit Italy for other points end up stuck in the country. While Italian migration policy has generally become more restrictive, policymakers also have sought to provide some legal certainty, especially for agricultural workers.

U.S. Border Patrol agents transporting migrants to the U.S.-Mexico border

Once an obscure section of U.S. law, Title 42 was used to expel unauthorized migrants reaching U.S. borders nearly 3 million times from March 2020 to May 2023. Despite idealized depictions of its impact by some politicians, the order was largely ineffective in deterring irregular migration. Instead, it represented a dramatic break with decades of law providing protection to asylum seekers, as this article details.

A health worker from the Philippines.

Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany are increasingly relying on immigrant health-care workers to fill gaps in their workforce and care for aging populations. That has created opportunities for many foreign-born doctors and nurses, but could harm their origin countries. This article examines the dynamics of global health-care worker migration, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Photo of returning Filipino migrant workers.

Fifty years after the birth of the Philippines' strategy to use emigration as a tool for development, the government is doubling down on labor migration. While deployment of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) slumped during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the government and civil society pivoting to assist with return migration and reintegration for hundreds of thousands of Filipinos, emigration has since rebounded, as this article details.

Image of USCIS employees at work

The U.S. immigration system is notorious for persistent backlogs and antiquated processes. In recent months, under-the-radar changes have made a dent in the logjam and helped bring the system into the 21st century. But some pandemic-era changes are set to expire, potentially undoing the incremental reforms. This article details the quiet technological and efficiency improvements in U.S. immigration operations.

CBP personnel process and screen migrants for possible entry into the U.S.
Short Reads
October 2023
By  Colleen Putzel-Kavanaugh and Ariel G. Ruiz Soto
Photo of CBP One App poster at shelter in Reynosa, Mexico
Short Reads
April 2023
By  Doris Meissner, Ariel G. Ruiz Soto and Colleen Putzel-Kavanaugh
Two adults and two children wearing face masks at a migration health centre in Nigeria
Short Reads
May 2022
By  Meghan Benton and Lawrence Huang
Short Reads
June 2021
By  Melissa Lazarin and Jazmin Flores Peña
Transit camp for Ukrainian refugees in Romania.
Video, Audio
April 25, 2024

Featuring the IOM Deputy Director General for Operations, this webinar features the latest MPI-IOM research exploring the rich tapestry of human mobility in a post-pandemic world, with climate change adding to the complexity of movements.

Expert Q&A, Audio
May 23, 2023

MPI's Lawrence Huang discusses COVID-19 mobility restrictions in China and the Asia Pacific—and what this all means for future public health crises—with Dr. Karen Grépin, a health policy professor at the University of Hong Kong.

Expert Q&A, Audio
August 2, 2022

Digital innovations—including automatic verification of health and vaccination results—are reopening economies and global mobility while setting the standard for new ways of managing mobility and health that will outlast the pandemic. Dr. Pramod Varma, chief architect of India's COVID pass system, DIVOC; Dr. Edem Adzogenu, founder of the Afro Champions Initiative; and MPI's Lawrence Huang discuss these innovations on this episode of Moving Beyond Pandemic.

closed until further notice in window due to the COVID 19 coronavirus pandemic,
Video, Audio
June 30, 2022

On this webinar, speakers examine how government strategies, practices, and instruments of integration policymaking have adapted during the pandemic both in Europe and North America, and what lessons there are for the future.

Afghan refugees arrive on a flight from Tajikistan
Video
May 19, 2022

This official side event of the International Migration Review Forum revisted lessons from COVID-19, and explored the potential for greater international coordination over health and mobility and setting principles that are clear, equitable, streamlined, and future-focused.

Recent Activity

Articles

Many migrant farmworkers in Italy work under exploitative conditions that some critics describe as modern-day slavery. Often, asylum seekers and other migrants originally hoping to transit Italy for other points end up stuck in the country. While Italian migration policy has generally become more restrictive, policymakers also have sought to provide some legal certainty, especially for agricultural workers.

Policy Briefs
July 2024

Gig work is on a meteoric rise, including on-demand driving, delivery, and home services, but also web-based translation, legal, and other services. In many countries, immigrants play a prominent role in the gig economy. Yet many governments have overlooked important questions at the intersection of labor, immigration, and immigrant integration policy, as this policy brief discusses.

Video, Audio, Webinars
April 25, 2024

Featuring the IOM Deputy Director General for Operations, this webinar features the latest MPI-IOM research exploring the rich tapestry of human mobility in a post-pandemic world, with climate change adding to the complexity of movements.

Reports
April 2024

While human mobility globally has largely recovered from its pandemic-era drop, it is undergoing considerable change. The causes are diverse, from climate shocks and shifting economic conditions to conflict-induced displacement. This report explores how the scale and characteristics of cross-border movement are evolving post-pandemic, featuring case studies from different world regions.

Articles

Once an obscure section of U.S. law, Title 42 was used to expel unauthorized migrants reaching U.S. borders nearly 3 million times from March 2020 to May 2023. Despite idealized depictions of its impact by some politicians, the order was largely ineffective in deterring irregular migration. Instead, it represented a dramatic break with decades of law providing protection to asylum seekers, as this article details.

Policy Briefs
March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic both shocked the global mobility system and reaffirmed the centrality and resiliency of human mobility. Four years on, public and political attention to COVID-19’s unprecedented consequences for cross-border movement has waned. Yet if countries are to manage mobility more effectively in future public-health crises, this is an important moment for reflection and learning, as this issue brief explores.

Reports
March 2024

Some of the strictest COVID-19 pandemic-era limits on human mobility occurred in the Asia Pacific region. Border closures started in East and Southeast Asia in early 2020 and quickly spread through the entire region, in some cases remaining in place for more than two years. This report examines the approaches countries took and reflects on the immense costs and benefits of using border measures to tackle public-health risks.

Reports
March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on mobility in the Middle East and North Africa were immediate and wide-reaching. These include the world’s largest and most sustained repatriation efforts for stranded migrants, halted and reversed irregular journeys, and a reckoning with some countries’ reliance on foreign labor. This report examines how these impacts varied across countries in this highly diverse region, as well as the uneven recovery.