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After Protests, France's Undocumented Community Hopes for Permits
After protests, France reopened regularization reviews in September 2002, but Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy set strict criteria and early results showed most applicants denied.
Migration Dilemmas Haunt Post-Soviet Russia
Post-Soviet Russia faces four migration pressures: brain drain, diaspora return, Siberian depopulation, and unauthorized immigration, as demographic decline deepens.
Russia Beckons, But Diaspora Wary
President Vladimir Putin hopes diaspora return will stem Russia's demographic decline, but net migration has fallen sharply since 1994.
Top German Parties Back Islamic Education
Germany's top two parties backed Islamic education in public schools in 2002.
German Immigration Law Clears Final Hurdle
Germany's first immigration law, signed June 2002, creates points-based and skills-based entry, restructures residency permits, and mandates integration courses.
Options Dwindle for Asylum Seekers in France
France's asylum applications rose 53 percent from 1999 to 2001.
Churches Help Sink German Anti-Discrimination Bill
Germany's 2002 anti-discrimination bill collapsed after Catholic and Protestant churches objected that it would limit preferential hiring in faith-run institutions.
French Voters Rebuff Immigration's Resurgent Foes
Far-right candidates won nearly 20 percent in France's 2002 first-round presidential vote.
Italy's Southern Exposure
Since becoming a net immigrant receiver in the 1980s, Italy has passed four regularization programs and multiple laws as immigration flows have grown and diversified.
Background Paper on Immigration and National Security
Post-9/11 review of U.S. visa and border systems urges better intelligence sharing and EU-style cooperation to boost security while protecting civil liberties.