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New German Law Skirts Comprehensive Immigration Reform
A June 2004 German immigration law improved integration and asylum provisions but stopped short of a points-based system for recruiting skilled workers.
Germany: Immigration in Transition
Germany passed a 2004 immigration law expanding integration and asylum rules but scrapped a points-based system for skilled worker recruitment.
Observations on Regularization and the Labor Market Performance of Unauthorized and Regularized Immigrants
Regularization can raise wages and boost formal employment, but success hinges on program design and whether host-country labor markets can absorb newly legal workers.
Reining in Child Trafficking in the New EU
EU expansion in 2004 heightened child trafficking risks, spurring a draft convention with victim protections and cross-border enforcement.
Greece: A History of Migration
Greece shifted from a major emigration country to a leading immigrant destination after 1989, but two regularization programs fell short and integration plans had stalled as of 2004.
The Changing Mosaic of Mediterranean Migrations
Southern Europe faced volatile, increasingly restrictive immigration policies as North Africa and the Balkans emerged as transit zones.
EU Enlargement and the Limits of Freedom
The European Union's May 2004 expansion granted freedom of movement to ten new Member States, but 14 of the 15 prior members imposed labor market and welfare restrictions.
The Enlargement of an 'Area of Freedom, Security and Justice': Managing Migration in a European Union of 25 Members
EU enlargement to 25 members tested free movement principles, with transition restrictions and sovereignty disputes complicating a coherent common EU-wide migration policy.
EU Sees Sharp Drop in Asylum Applications
EU asylum applications fell 22 percent in 2003 to the lowest since 1995, led by drops from Iraq and Afghanistan, while applications rose in the ten acceding states.
The EU as a Global Player in the Refugee Protection Regime
Lack of consensus among EU Member States as to what constitutes refugee protection stalled creation of a common asylum system in the early 2000s.