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The Czech Republic: From Liberal Policy to EU Membership
Once a country of emigration, the Czech Republic had 252,000 legal and as many as 340,000 unauthorized immigrants by 2004, reshaping its migration policy landscape.
Trafficking in Women from Nigeria to Europe
Trafficking from Nigeria is centered in Edo state, where one in three young women surveyed had received offers to go to Europe.
Norway: Migrant Quality, Not Quantity
Norway's tight admissions controls and strong integration commitments increasingly align with EU asylum and border frameworks, despite the country’s lack of EU membership.
The Roma of Eastern Europe: Still Searching for Inclusion
With 8 to 12 million Roma in Europe facing unemployment, segregation, and discrimination, EU enlargement in 2004 brought new pressure and programs to advance their inclusion.
Characteristics of the European Born in the United States in 2000
In 2000, 4.9 million European-born residents made up 15.8 percent of the U.S. immigrant population, with Eastern Europeans driving recent growth.
Switzerland Faces Common European Challenges
Switzerland, with 22 percent of its population foreign born in 2000, confronts rising anti-immigrant sentiment while navigating EU labor agreements and tighter asylum rules.
The Hague Program Reflects New European Realities
Adopted in November 2004, the EU's Hague Program set a five-year migration and asylum agenda, but left legal immigration and integration largely to individual Member States.
Immigrants and EU Labor Markets
Immigrants help fill Europe's labor shortages, but structural rigidities and distinct migration regimes require differentiated approaches.
The Challenge of French Diversity
France's 2004 ban on religious symbols in public schools exposed tensions between secular traditions and integrating a growing immigrant population.
Albania: Looking Beyond Borders
By 2004, roughly 25 percent of Albanians had emigrated, generating remittances but also severe brain drain and rising unauthorized migration.
