Immigration Systems
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Security Concerns Spur Policy Changes
Fall 2003 U.S. policy changes included suspending visa-free transit programs, new border student visa categories, and extension of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for 2,700 Liberian nationals.
Government Widens Efforts to Scrutinize Foreign Visitors
Mid-2003 U.S. measures mandated visa interviews for about 13 million annual visitors.
Does 'Smarter' Lead to Safer? An Assessment of the Border Accords with Canada and Mexico
Post-9/11 U.S. Smart Border accords with Canada and Mexico advanced bilateral security cooperation while keeping trade flowing, but gaps in infrastructure and strategy remained.
Comprehensive Visitor Tracking Program Moves Forward
June 2003 U.S. immigration news spanned U.S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indictor Technology (US-VISIT) biometric rollout, Somali Bantu resettlement, and more.
Family Reunification
Family reunification drives two-thirds of U.S. permanent immigration, but per-country limits and a 3.9 million-case backlog in 2001 forced some applicants to wait decades.
Justice, Homeland Security Departments Announce Changes
In April 2003, U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft authorized indefinite immigrant detention in some cases.
'Special Registration' Program
More than 60,800 nationals of 25 predominantly Muslim countries had registered through the U.S. Special Registration program by March 2003.
EU States Reach Landmark Agreement on Family Reunification Rules
In February 2003, EU interior ministers agreed on minimum standards for third-country nationals' family reunification rights; the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Denmark opted out.
FBI, BICE Interview Iraqi-Born Immigrants; Entry-Exit Rules Changed
U.S. authorities began interviewing thousands of Iraqi immigrants in early 2003, as part of an effort to identify domestic security threats.
Immigration Policy and the Homeland Security Act Reorganization: An Early Agenda for Practical Improvements
The rushed reorganization of immigration functions post-9/11 created gaps requiring fixes to unify policy and operational coordination in the new Department of Homeland Security.