Immigration Systems
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Observations on Regularization and the Labor Market Performance of Unauthorized and Regularized Immigrants
Regularization can raise wages and boost formal employment, but success hinges on program design and whether host-country labor markets can absorb newly legal workers.
Democrats Introduce Immigration Reform Bill
The May 2004 Democratic SOLVE Act proposed permanent legal status for unauthorized immigrants, directly challenging U.S. President George W. Bush's temporary worker framework.
Temporary Movement of Labor Fuels GATS Debate
Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) governs temporary cross-border labor movement but remains politically contested and misunderstood.
The U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program
Post-911 security checks sharply reduced U.S. refugee admissions, creating a cumulative shortfall of nearly 210,000 against from 1991 to 2003.
The Enlargement of an 'Area of Freedom, Security and Justice': Managing Migration in a European Union of 25 Members
EU enlargement to 25 members tested free movement principles, with transition restrictions and sovereignty disputes complicating a coherent common EU-wide migration policy.
Naturalization in the United States in 2002
U.S. naturalizations nearly doubled from 6.5 million in the early 1990s to 11.3 million by 2002, yet 7.9 million eligible immigrants had not naturalized.
EU Enlargement and the Limits of Freedom
The European Union's May 2004 expansion granted freedom of movement to ten new Member States, but 14 of the 15 prior members imposed labor market and welfare restrictions.