Immigration Systems
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Supreme Court Addresses Deportation Cases, DHS Undergoes Leadership and Oversight Changes
Two January 2005 U.S. Supreme Court rulings reshaped deportation law.
Intelligence Reformed and Homeland Security Department Overhauled
The December 2004 Intelligence Reform Act expanded border security and visa rules, as DHS faced leadership changes and Arizona's Proposition 200 drew legal challenges.
The Hague Program Reflects New European Realities
Adopted in November 2004, the EU's Hague Program set a five-year migration and asylum agenda, but left legal immigration and integration largely to individual Member States.
Elections Bring Policy Changes
Arizona voters passed Proposition 200 limiting immigrant access to public benefits, while U.S. President George W. Bush signaled support for guest worker legislation.
Immigration Reform Tied to Homeland Security Bill
Disagreements over intelligence and immigration provisions stalled a post-9/11 Homeland Security Bill before the November 2004 elections.
U.S. Immigration Statistics in 2003
Post-9/11 security measures drove a 34 percent drop in U.S. legal permanent resident admissions in FY 2003, to 706,000, with declines across nearly all categories.
Security Checks Affect Legal Immigration
Post-9/11 security requirements cut U.S. legal permanent resident admissions 34 percent in FY 2003, leaving a backlog of 1.2 million pending applications.
Legal Immigration to U.S. Still Declining
The number of people granted U.S. legal permanent residence in fiscal year 2003 dropped 34 percent, with processing slowdowns attributed to new background check requirements and NSEERS.
9/11 Commission Urges Immigration and Border Reform
The 9/11 Commission's July 2004 report called for integrated border screening, biometric passports for all travelers, and a National Counterterrorism Center.
Observations on Regularization and the Labor Market Performance of Unauthorized and Regularized Immigrants
Regularization can raise wages and boost formal employment, but success hinges on program design and whether host-country labor markets can absorb newly legal workers.