Enforcement & Borders
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Belgium's Undocumented Hold Lessons for EU
Interviews with 130 undocumented migrants in Belgium showed motivations are complex, challenging EU migration policy assumptions.
NAFTA's Promise and Reality: Lessons from Mexico for the Hemisphere
NAFTA failed to curb unauthorized immigration from Mexico—but the reasons were economic crises, demographics, and social ties, not the trade deal itself.
First Phase of US-VISIT Becomes Operational
The U.S. Visitor and Immigration Status Indication Technology System (US-VISIT) planned to launch at 115 airports in January 2004.
DHS May Axe Special Registration of Foreign Visitors
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) moved to end Special Registration and President George W. Bush signed expedited military naturalization in 2003.
Undocumented Immigration Haunts Italy's Ruling Coalition
Italy's bid to tighten unauthorized immigration controls in 2003 found little EU support and exposed rifts within Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi 's ruling coalition.
Visitor Tracking Technology Faces Obstacles
Key fall 2003 U.S. policy developments included biometric passport delays, a new California driver's license law, and the annual H-1B visa cap falling to 65,000.
Unauthorized Immigration to the United States
An estimated 9 million unauthorized immigrants lived in the United States in 2003, a population growing by about 350,000 annually between 1990 and 1999.
Report Alleges Abuse of Immigrant Detainees Post-Sept. 11
A June 2003 U.S. Justice Department report found abuse of hundreds of post-September 11 immigrant detainees; a court upheld secrecy on more than 1,200 detainee names.