Enforcement & Borders

The 9/11 Commission Staff Report on Terrorist Travel

Supreme Court Addresses Deportation Cases, DHS Undergoes Leadership and Oversight Changes

Two January 2005 U.S. Supreme Court rulings reshaped deportation law.

DHS Modifies Border and Visitor Policies

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) expanded expedited removal to border zones, extended Mexican border card stays to 30 days, and delayed biometric passport requirements until October 2005.

U.S. Supreme Court Affirms Rights of Non-Citizen Detainees

The U.S. Supreme Court's 2004 rulings gave noncitizens at Guantanamo Bay the right to challenge their detention, rejecting sweeping executive claims.

Post-Sept. 11 Security Fears, Policies Seize Spotlight

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued new detention rules and a government commission declared post-September 11 immigration security measures largely ineffective in spring 2004.

Evaluating Enhanced U.S. Border Enforcement

Tripling U.S. border enforcement spending since 1993 did not deter significant unauthorized migration, but did have several unintended consequences.

The Enlargement of an 'Area of Freedom, Security and Justice': Managing Migration in a European Union of 25 Members

EU enlargement to 25 members tested free movement principles, with transition restrictions and sovereignty disputes complicating a coherent common EU-wide migration policy.

Policy Changes Target Border Security

In spring 2004, the United States’ H-2B visa cap was hit for the first time; the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) also launched a drone-based Arizona border initiative and issued rules for the U.S.-Canada Safe Third Country Agreement.

The Department of Homeland Security's First Year: A Report Card on Immigration

One year in, the Department of Homeland Security showed real gains in border and interior enforcement. But its promise was hampered by case backlogs and poor internal coordination.

Bush Boosts Immigration Enforcement in FY 2005 Budget

President George W. Bush's fiscal year 2005 budget doubled worksite enforcement, while the cap of 65,000 U.S. H-1B visas was hit early.