Enforcement & Borders
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Bush Puts Immigration Reform Back on Agenda, Approves Funding for DHS
The Bush administration outlined a three-part immigration reform plan in October 2005 and signed a $30.8 billion Department of Homeland Security (DHS) appropriations bill for FY 2006.
Immigration Enforcement Spending Since IRCA
U.S. immigration enforcement spending more than quadrupled between 1985 (the year before the Immigration Reform and Control Act was passed) and 2002, with 60 percent aimed at the border.
Documentation Provisions of the Real ID Act
The REAL ID Act's identity document mandates carry steep, disputed costs and raise unresolved legal, privacy, and humanitarian concerns.
Aftermath of Katrina Affects Immigration Enforcement
After Hurricane Katrina, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) suspended employer sanctions.
The Global Struggle with Illegal Migration: No End in Sight
With an estimated 30 million to 40 million unauthorized migrants globally, enforcement tactics alone have failed.
Solving the Unauthorized Migrant Problem: Proposed Legislation in the U.S.
Four bills before the 109th Congress sought to tackle unauthorized immigration through mixes of enforcement, legalization, and guest worker provisions.
The Declining Enforcement of Employer Sanctions
Since peaking around 1990, U.S. employer sanctions enforcement fell sharply by fiscal year 2003.
The "Regularization" Option in Managing Illegal Migration More Effectively: A Comparative Perspective
Regularization programs alone cannot solve unauthorized migration, but "earned" legalization paired with enforcement and expanded legal channels can play a meaningful role.
Regularizing Immigrants in Spain: A New Approach
Spain's 2005 regularization drew nearly 700,000 applications, making it the broadest yet.
Reflections on Restoring Integrity to the United States Immigration System: A Personal Vision
The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act failures suggest durable U.S. immigration reform requires enforcing laws, expanding visas, and creating a fair path to earned legal status.