North America

Explore research, events, and more on migration in North America.

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U.S. Immigration Reform Moves Forward

Multiple immigration reform bills advanced in the U.S. Congress in 2005, while President George W. Bush renewed calls for enforcement paired with a temporary worker program.

Who Does What in U.S. Immigration

Since the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was abolished in 2003, no single U.S. agency coordinates immigration policy; responsibilities are split across multiple departments.

Immigration Enforcement Spending Since IRCA

U.S. immigration enforcement spending more than quadrupled between 1985 (the year before the Immigration Reform and Control Act was passed) and 2002, with 60 percent aimed at the border.