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Immigration Reform and the Catholic Church
The Catholic Church became central to the 2006 U.S. immigration debate, mobilizing nearly 80 dioceses in support of comprehensive reform and opposing enforcement-only approaches.
Senate Debate Resumes and DHS Boosts Internal Enforcement
The 2006 Hagel-Martinez immigration bill in the U.S. Senate proposed 325,000 annual temporary work visas and tiered legalization for unauthorized immigrants as of spring 2006.
CAFTA: What Could It Mean for Migration?
Studies indicate the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) could create more than 300,000 Central American jobs, but trade agreements alone appear unlikely to reverse established migration patterns.
Canada: A Northern Refuge for Central Americans
Canada's humanitarian framing of Central American conflicts drove admission of nearly 21,000 refugees between 1982 and 1987.
Central America: Crossroads of the Americas
War and poverty in the 1980s transformed Central America into a major U.S. migration source; by 2004, more than 2.8 million Central Americans were living in the United States.
Central Americans and Asylum Policy in the Reagan Era
Reagan-era foreign policy drove U.S. asylum approvals for Salvadorans and Guatemalans below 3 percent in 1984.
Mexico: Caught Between the United States and Central America
Mexico deported more than 200,000 Central American migrants yearly in 2004 and 2005, while pushing to shape the U.S. immigration reform debate.
National Policies and the Rise of Transnational Gangs
U.S. deportations tripled in the late 1990s and spread MS-13 to Central America, where deported members set up outposts and cycled back through illegal channels.
Senate Debates Temporary Worker Program and Path to Legal Status for the Unauthorized
A March 2006 U.S. Senate bill proposed 400,000 annual temporary work slots and legalization for unauthorized immigrants as hundreds of thousands rallied in support.
The Central American Foreign Born in the United States in 2004
As of 2000, more than 2 million Central Americans lived in the United States, with Salvadorans making up the largest share at 40 percent.