Externalization
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The UK-Rwanda Agreement Represents Another Blow to Territorial Asylum
The United Kingdom’s controversial deal with Rwanda to relocate certain asylum seekers there—not for offshore processing for possible settlement in the United Kingdom but as a permanent destination—will have far-reaching implications, possibly destabilizing the norms and architecture of the post-World War II protection system, this commentary argues.
Controversial U.S. Title 42 Expulsions Policy Is Coming to an End, Bringing New Border Challenges
The end of the use of Title 42 after 1.7 million expulsions at the U.S.-Mexico border promises to reshape processing, but the transition poses major challenges for the Biden administration.
Court-Ordered Relaunch of Remain in Mexico Policy Tweaks Predecessor Program, but Faces Similar Challenges
The court-ordered revival of Remain in Mexico for certain asylum seekers affects a Trump-era program with a troubled record.
Europe’s Tackling of ‘Root Causes’ of African Migration Has a Mixed Record
The European Union's Emergency Trust Fund for Africa has reduced irregular migration but fallen short on development goals and raised serious human-rights concerns.
Pushing Borders Outward: The state of asylum globally five years after the EU-Turkey Deal
Marking the launch of an initiative led by MPI and the Robert Bosch Stiftung, this event considers the extent to which externalization strategies such as the EU-Turkey agreement or deals with Libya and now-rescinded U.S. agreements to send asylum seekers to Central America have become the dominant strategies deployed by countries of asylum and how these policies have affected both asylum seekers and host and transit countries.
The EU-Turkey Deal, Five Years On: A Frayed and Controversial but Enduring Blueprint
Five years after the EU-Turkey deal reshaped European migration policy, the agreement has become a contested template for outsourcing border control.
Criminalization of Search-and-Rescue Operations in the Mediterranean Has Been Accompanied by Rising Migrant Death Rate
As the European Union criminalized search-and-rescue operations in the Mediterranean, migrant death rates more than doubled.
Once a Destination for Migrants, Post-Gaddafi Libya Has Gone from Transit Route to Containment
Europe's outsourcing of migration controls to Libya has reduced sea arrivals dramatically, at the cost of trapping hundreds of thousands of migrants in abusive and often dangerous conditions.
As Governments Build Advanced Surveillance Systems to Push Borders Out, Will Travel and Migration Become Unequal for Some Groups?
Border surveillance technologies are expanding rapidly and largely beyond public scrutiny, creating a two-tiered mobility system that advantages some travelers while rendering others effectively immobile.
International Experience Suggests Safe Third-Country Agreement Would Not Solve the U.S.-Mexico Border Crisis
European experience shows safe third-country agreements are hard to enforce and rarely deter asylum seekers, making them an unlikely fix for the U.S.-Mexico border crisis.
