Spain

Moving Up or Standing Still? Access to Middle-Skilled Work for Newly Arrived Migrants in the European Union

In six EU countries, immigrants were over-represented in low-skilled jobs and made limited occupational gains over a decade, pointing to structural barriers beyond education.

A Precarious Position: The Labor Market Integration of New Immigrants in Spain

New immigrants to Spain found work quickly in a booming economy but were concentrated in precarious fixed-term jobs that offered little protection once the 2008 global recession hit.

Exceptional in Europe? Spain's Experience with Immigration and Integration

Spain's pro-immigrant exceptionalism survived the economic crisis intact, but rising unemployment and a conservative government shift may finally erode it.

Migration and the Great Recession: The Transatlantic Experience

Immigrant Integration in Europe in a Time of Austerity

Across Europe, immigrant integration policies and budgets diverged after the financial crisis, shaped by national politics and broad austerity pressures.

Migration and Immigrants Two Years after the Financial Collapse: Where Do We Stand?

Two years after the 2008 global financial collapse, immigrants faced steeper job losses and squeezed integration budgets. But countries saw little large-scale return.

Buyer's Remorse on Immigration Continues

The 2009 recession drove governments in Europe, Asia, and North America to tighten immigration rules.

Pay to Go: Countries Offer Cash to Immigrants Willing to Pack Their Bags

Pay-to-go programs in Japan, Spain, and the Czech Republic attracted fewer participants than planned in 2009.

The Binational Option: Meeting the Instructional Needs of Limited English Proficient Students

U.S. schools face persistent shortages of English as a Second Language and bilingual teachers; binational exchange programs offer an underused short-term solution.

"Buyer's Remorse" on Immigration Policy

Spain legalized 560,000 migrants in 2005, but by 2008 unemployment was high and the country was offering them cash to leave.