Refugees & Asylum
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The Enlargement of an 'Area of Freedom, Security and Justice': Managing Migration in a European Union of 25 Members
EU enlargement to 25 members tested free movement principles, with transition restrictions and sovereignty disputes complicating a coherent common EU-wide migration policy.
EU Sees Sharp Drop in Asylum Applications
EU asylum applications fell 22 percent in 2003 to the lowest since 1995, led by drops from Iraq and Afghanistan, while applications rose in the ten acceding states.
Gender-Related Persecution and International Protection
Despite the 1951 Refugee Convention's protective intent, women fleeing gender-based violence are often denied asylum because states refuse to treat it as persecution.
The EU as a Global Player in the Refugee Protection Regime
Lack of consensus among EU Member States as to what constitutes refugee protection stalled creation of a common asylum system in the early 2000s.
UNHCR and NGOs: Competitors or Companions in Refugee Protection?
After mid-1990s crises in the Balkans and Central Africa, humanitarian groups expanded into refugee protection, prompting renewed but still-uneasy collaboration with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
Belgium's Undocumented Hold Lessons for EU
Interviews with 130 undocumented migrants in Belgium showed motivations are complex, challenging EU migration policy assumptions.
Minimizing Development-Induced Displacement
About 10 million people are displaced by development annually but receive little sympathy, despite impoverishment risks rivaling those faced by conflict refugees.
Notes from the Field: MPI Expert Returns from Iraqi Border
Post-conflict Iraq exposed critical gaps in protection of internally displaced persons (IDPs), as security concerns closed borders and limited international responses.
Austria Adopts More Restrictive Asylum Law
Austria's October 2003 asylum law allows 72-hour processing and deportation during appeals, drawing criticism from groups including the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).