Central America & the Caribbean
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Migration and the Global Recession
The 2007-09 recession dampened migration flows globally, but most migrants stayed put. Remittances proved more stable than exports or foreign direct investment.
The Growing Global Demand for Students as Skilled Migrants
Aging societies are courting international students as tomorrow’s skilled migrants, expanding study-to-work and settlement pathways.
Learning by Doing: Experiences of Circular Migration
Circular migration programs built on compulsion rather than worker incentives tend to fail, pushing migrants into irregular status instead of encouraging voluntary return.
Hometown Associations: An Untapped Resource for Immigrant Integration?
Hometown associations connect origin and destination communities and could strengthen immigrant integration if their capacity is supported.
Dual Citizenship in the Age of Mobility
More than half of all countries globally now tolerate dual citizenship, which authors argue can boost naturalization, broaden participation, and support immigrant integration.
El Salvador: Despite End to Civil War, Emigration Continues
After the 1979-1992 civil war, Salvadoran emigration persisted as remittances reshaped the economy and state ties to the diaspora.
Leveraging Remittances for Development
Remittances to developing countries finance education, health, and small business while reducing poverty. Policies seeking to reduce transfer costs would promote these outcomes.
Circular Migration and Development: Trends, Policy Routes, and Ways Forward
Circular migration policies fall short of achieving development goals. Success requires voluntary return, investment-friendly origin countries, and private-sector engagement.
America's Emigrants: U.S. Retirement Migration to Mexico and Panama
Lower costs, tax benefits, and retiree visa programs drew growing numbers of Americans to Mexico and Panama.
From A Zero-Sum to a Win-Win Scenario? Literature Review on Circular Migration
Circular migration holds real development potential, but realizing win-win outcomes depends on conditions that research has only begun to map.