Africa (Sub-Saharan)
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International Migration in Africa: An Analysis Based on Estimates of the Migrant Stock
Despite population growth, Africa's share of global migrants fell to 9 percent by 2000, with refugee flows accounting for many of the continent's migrant stock.
Liberia: The Challenges of Post-Conflict Reconstruction
Civil war left 350,000 Liberian refugees and 500,000 internally displaced as of mid-2004, with stalled ex-combatant reintegration threatening the peace process.
Mali: Seeking Opportunity Abroad
Mali's centuries-long migration tradition has resulted in an estimated 4.4 million abroad by 2000, though factors such as Ivory Coast’s instability and European restrictions constrain options.
How Many People Have to Die Before We Care? The Role of the International Community in Darfur
While the Darfur crisis may not meet the formal definition of genocide, international action is urgently needed to protect 2.2 million at-risk civilians.
Educating Refugees in Countries of First Asylum: The Case of Uganda
Uganda's 1999 Self-Reliance Strategy sought to fold refugee education into national systems, but security gaps and movement restrictions undercut results.
Kenya: What Role for Diaspora in Development?
Stagnation and repression turned Kenya's circular education migration into mass brain drain, while the 2002 election raised diaspora development hopes.
War in Liberia Highlights Health Threats to Refugees
Fourteen years of civil war displaced approximately 600,000 Liberians, but most deaths stem from health issues rather than violence.
West Africa's Refugee Crisis Spills Across Many Borders
Linked conflicts displaced at least 1.1 million West Africans by mid-2003, with U.S. military intervention in Liberia seen as decisive to ending 14 years of regional violence.
Refugee Diasporas, Remittances, Development, and Conflict
Refugee diaspora remittances aid conflict-affected homelands but can also fund armed groups.
Cape Verde: Towards the End of Emigration?
Cape Verde's diaspora exceeds its home population, although tighter policies in Europe and the United States are curbing emigration and threatening the sending of remittances that made up much of the economy.
