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French Muslims, Government Grapple With Integration Pains
France faces tensions over integrating 5 million Muslims—immigrant and native-born alike—as of 2003, with disputes over mosque access, religious practices, and headscarves in public schools.
Changes to German Law Help Boost Naturalization Numbers
Germany's 2000 citizenship reforms reducing residency requirements led to higher annual naturalizations.
War in Liberia Highlights Health Threats to Refugees
Fourteen years of civil war displaced approximately 600,000 Liberians, but most deaths stem from health issues rather than violence.
Kenya: What Role for Diaspora in Development?
Stagnation and repression turned Kenya's circular education migration into mass brain drain, while the 2002 election raised diaspora development hopes.
Security at U.S. Borders: A Move Away from Unilateralism?
U.S. Smart Border agreements with Canada and Mexico advanced layered cooperative security after 9/11, but other issues remain unresolved.
West Africa's Refugee Crisis Spills Across Many Borders
Linked conflicts displaced at least 1.1 million West Africans by mid-2003, with U.S. military intervention in Liberia seen as decisive to ending 14 years of regional violence.
African-born Residents of the United States in 2000
More than 881,000 African-born residents called the United States home in 2000, with more than half having arrived in the 1990s and 95 percent settling in metropolitan areas.
Government Widens Efforts to Scrutinize Foreign Visitors
Mid-2003 U.S. measures mandated visa interviews for about 13 million annual visitors.
The Federated States of Micronesia: The "Push" to Migrate
The 1986 Compact of Free Association gave citizens of Micronesia free U.S. migration rights, spurring rapid emigration.
Fighting in Aceh Brings Fears of Displacement
Indonesia's May 2003 martial law in Aceh and military offensive threatened displacement of up to 300,000 civilians, worsening an existing internal displacement crisis decades in the making.