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Schengen and the Free Movement of People Across Europe
Signed in 1985, the Schengen Agreement eliminated internal EU borders, enabled common visa policy, and drove security cooperation.
Migrants in the Rural Economies of Greece and Southern Europe
Migrants account for nearly 20 percent of Greece's agricultural labor and are vital to rural Southern Europe, where many natives refuse low-wage seasonal farm work.
Maroc: De pays d'emigration vers passage migratoire africain vers l'Europe
En 2005, le Maroc comptait plus de 2,3 millions de ressortissants à l'étranger, recevait 3,6 milliards de dollars en transferts et devenait une route de transit vers l'Europe.
The Declining Enforcement of Employer Sanctions
Since peaking around 1990, U.S. employer sanctions enforcement fell sharply by fiscal year 2003.
Regularizing Immigrants in Spain: A New Approach
Spain's 2005 regularization drew nearly 700,000 applications, making it the broadest yet.
Why Countries Continue to Consider Regularization
From 1980 to 2005, the United States and eight EU countries have run 22 one-shot regularization programs, with mixed results on integration, wages, and curbing irregular migration.
Unauthorized Migrants Living in the United States: A Mid-Decade Portrait
Unauthorized immigrants in the United States were estimated to number 10.3 million in 2004.
The Global Struggle with Illegal Migration: No End in Sight
With an estimated 30 million to 40 million unauthorized migrants globally, enforcement tactics alone have failed.
CAFTA Brings Immigration Debate, Local Enforcement Tactics Struck Down
U.S. President George W. Bush signed the Central American Free Trade Act (CAFTA) in August 2005; its immigration effects remain contested.
Solving the Unauthorized Migrant Problem: Proposed Legislation in the U.S.
Four bills before the 109th Congress sought to tackle unauthorized immigration through mixes of enforcement, legalization, and guest worker provisions.