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The Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor with her torch raised, the Empire State Building rising directly behind her against the Manhattan skyline

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IRCA: Lessons of the Last U.S. Legalization Program

Most U.S. immigrants legalized under the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) had better jobs by 1992 than on arrival; education, English proficiency, and legal entry status were among the predictors of success.

Democrats Introduce Immigration Reform Bill

The May 2004 Democratic SOLVE Act proposed permanent legal status for unauthorized immigrants, directly challenging U.S. President George W. Bush's temporary worker framework.

The U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program

Post-911 security checks sharply reduced U.S. refugee admissions, creating a cumulative shortfall of nearly 210,000 against from 1991 to 2003.

Post-Sept. 11 Security Fears, Policies Seize Spotlight

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued new detention rules and a government commission declared post-September 11 immigration security measures largely ineffective in spring 2004.