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Consular ID Cards: Mexico and Beyond
Mexico's matrícula consular card gives unauthorized immigrants in the United States access to banking and law enforcement services.
The Berne Initiative: Toward the Development of an International Policy Framework on Migration
Switzerland's Berne Initiative, launched in 2001, uses a consultative process to develop a nonbinding international framework for cooperative migration management.
Iraqi Immigrants in the United States
The 2000 census counted roughly 90,000 Iraqi-born immigrants in the United States, double the 1990 figure.
Gender, Religion, and Secularism Meet in Germany's Headscarf Battle
A January 2003 German court let a dismissed Muslim teacher return wearing a headscarf, as a constitutional dispute over the issue advances to Germany's Federal Constitutional Court.
Revamped Homeland Security Department to Incorporate INS Duties
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) absorbed the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) on March 1, 2003, dividing its responsibilities across three new bureaus.
Sex Ratios of the Foreign Born in the United States
The U.S. foreign-born population had a balanced sex ratio of 101 in 2002, but ratios ranged from 138 (India) to 64 (Germany), shaped by migration type and length of stay.
The Global Dimensions of Female Migration
Women have comprised nearly half of all international migrants since 1960; UN data counted 85 million female migrants in 2000.
Mothers, Wives, and Workers: Australia's Migrant Women
Australia's skilled-worker push resulted in women accounting for a majority of settling immigrants by June 2002.
Gender and the Symbiosis Between Refugee Law and Human Rights Law
Legal approaches that interpret violence against women within human rights norms are helping redefine refugee law.
Women and Migration: Incorporating Gender into International Migration Theory
Migration theory has grown more gender-sensitive since the 1960s but gaps remain.