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Turkey: A Transformation from Emigration to Immigration
Once a labor exporter, Turkey has become a transit and destination country, with potential EU accession negotiations forcing an overhaul of immigration and asylum policies.
Germany's High Court Allows Teacher to Wear Muslim Headscarf
Germany's top court ruled in September 2003 that no law barred a Muslim teacher's headscarf, leaving the 16 states to decide individually, with seven planning bans.
Migration and Development: Blind Faith and Hard-to-Find Facts
Remittances to developing countries exceeded $70 billion annually in the early 2000s by some estimates, but migration's contribution to lasting development remains contested and poorly documented.
Burden-sharing in the New Age of Immigration
Refugee burden-sharing evolved from 1950s solidarity into contested proposals critics say shift responsibility onto developing countries.
Hungary: Transit Country Between East and West
Hungary's position as a sending, transit, and destination country reflects its fluid border history, with EU accession in May 2004 set to reshape its migration landscape.
Australian Judges Mull Integration, Multiculturalism
In 2003, Australian courts issued landmark rulings on asylum, citizenship, and minority rights, opening a new front in debates about integration and multiculturalism.
Integration: The Role of Communities, Institutions, and the State
Integration unfolds at individual, group, and institutional levels.
The Role of Cities in Immigrant Integration
As immigrants in many countries increasingly settle in suburbs, cities play a critical but underestimated role in integration through governance, housing, and public transit policies.
Local Integration: The Forgotten Solution
Local refugee integration in first-asylum countries is a viable but underused alternative to camps, requiring host- government support and a shift in donor priorities.
French Government Revives Assimilation Policy
A 2003 French law revived assimilationism by requiring legal immigrants to sign an integration contract and complete French values training to obtain long-term residency.