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EU Enlargement and the Limits of Freedom
The European Union's May 2004 expansion granted freedom of movement to ten new Member States, but 14 of the 15 prior members imposed labor market and welfare restrictions.
Evaluating Enhanced U.S. Border Enforcement
Tripling U.S. border enforcement spending since 1993 did not deter significant unauthorized migration, but did have several unintended consequences.
Confronting the Realities of Forced Migration
Despite political rhetoric about a migration crisis, forced migrants are relatively few in number and concentrated in the world's poorest countries.
Educating Refugees in Countries of First Asylum: The Case of Uganda
Uganda's 1999 Self-Reliance Strategy sought to fold refugee education into national systems, but security gaps and movement restrictions undercut results.
Gender-Related Persecution and International Protection
Despite the 1951 Refugee Convention's protective intent, women fleeing gender-based violence are often denied asylum because states refuse to treat it as persecution.
Policy Changes Target Border Security
In spring 2004, the United States’ H-2B visa cap was hit for the first time; the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) also launched a drone-based Arizona border initiative and issued rules for the U.S.-Canada Safe Third Country Agreement.
Aid Strategies Target Sustainable Development in Azerbaijan
After the 1994 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire, aid groups shifted from emergency relief to sustainable development for Azerbaijan's 885,000 displaced people.
China: From Exceptional Case to Global Participant
China's overseas population grew from 22 million in 1985 to 33 million by 2000, as economic reforms drove skilled migration to North America, Australasia, and Europe.
EU Sees Sharp Drop in Asylum Applications
EU asylum applications fell 22 percent in 2003 to the lowest since 1995, led by drops from Iraq and Afghanistan, while applications rose in the ten acceding states.
U.S. Industrial Transformation and New Latino Migration
Industry restructuring since the 1980s drew Latino workers to rural areas of the United States outside the Southwest.