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Reining in Child Trafficking in the New EU
EU expansion in 2004 heightened child trafficking risks, spurring a draft convention with victim protections and cross-border enforcement.
Administration Seeks Homeland Security Progress Despite Setbacks
In mid-2004, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) offered a contested $10 billion US-VISIT contract and recorded a backlog of 3.7 million applications for immigration benefits.
Democrats Introduce Immigration Reform Bill
The May 2004 Democratic SOLVE Act proposed permanent legal status for unauthorized immigrants, directly challenging U.S. President George W. Bush's temporary worker framework.
Temporary Movement of Labor Fuels GATS Debate
Mode 4 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) governs temporary cross-border labor movement but remains politically contested and misunderstood.
The Changing Mosaic of Mediterranean Migrations
Southern Europe faced volatile, increasingly restrictive immigration policies as North Africa and the Balkans emerged as transit zones.
The U.S. Refugee Resettlement Program
Post-911 security checks sharply reduced U.S. refugee admissions, creating a cumulative shortfall of nearly 210,000 against from 1991 to 2003.
Greece: A History of Migration
Greece shifted from a major emigration country to a leading immigrant destination after 1989, but two regularization programs fell short and integration plans had stalled as of 2004.
Evaluating Enhanced U.S. Border Enforcement
Tripling U.S. border enforcement spending since 1993 did not deter significant unauthorized migration, but did have several unintended consequences.
Confronting the Realities of Forced Migration
Despite political rhetoric about a migration crisis, forced migrants are relatively few in number and concentrated in the world's poorest countries.
Educating Refugees in Countries of First Asylum: The Case of Uganda
Uganda's 1999 Self-Reliance Strategy sought to fold refugee education into national systems, but security gaps and movement restrictions undercut results.