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How Immigration Crackdowns and Aid Cuts Are Reshaping Migration Across Central America

Tighter U.S. and Mexican border policies and sharp humanitarian aid cuts are reshaping Central America into a region of prolonged transit, forced return, and stranded mobility.

The backs of two people on a motorbike; above them a sign notes the Guatemala border

Central American Immigrants in the United States

More than 4.3 million Central Americans lived in the United States as of 2023, with high labor force participation rates but significant legal, educational, and economic disparities.

A woman from Honduras in a parade in Washington, DC.

Inmigrantes centroamericanos en los Estados Unidos

En 2023, más de 4.3 millones de centroamericanos vivían en Estados Unidos, con altas tasas de participación en la población activa, pero con importantes desigualdades en materia jurídica, educativa y económica.

Una mujer de Honduras en un desfile en Washington, DC.

The Forgotten Side of Deportation: The Cost of Ignoring Returnees’ Reintegration Challenges

As the U.S. government seeks to ramp up deportations, greater focus should be given to the reception and reintegration of returnees to Mexico and Central America. Despite modest improvements, reception and reintegration programs in these countries have been largely ineffective at improving returnees' long-term conditions—often the same ones that prompted their original migration.

Un hombre guatemalteco reflexiona sobre su migración hacia y desde Estados Unidos.

Large-Scale Deportations May Have Unintended Consequences

Research shows large-scale deportations rarely deter migration, reduce crime, or boost native workers' wages, although they may fuel violence and new migration in origin countries.

Migrants being deported from the United States to Mexico.

U.S. Legal Pathways for Mexican and Central American Immigrants, by the Numbers

Family ties, H-2 seasonal work visas, and humanitarian parole are the main U.S. legal pathways for Mexican and Central American immigrants.

Building on Regular Pathways to Address Migration Pressures in the Americas

Despite a rich history of regular immigration pathways, the Americas still struggle with irregular migration. Hemispheric cooperation and reformed mobility agreements are needed.

Venezuelan mother and son embrace at a reception center in Brazil

Construyendo vías regulares para abordar presiones migratorias en el hemisferio occidental

A pesar de una rica historia de vías regulares, el hemisferio sigue luchando con la migración irregular. Se necesitan cooperación hemisférica y acuerdos reformados.

Climate Migration 101: An Explainer

Climate change is reshaping migration globally—but most displacement remains internal and temporary, and no international legal framework protects those forced to move.