• Population...................................................................... 38,185,913 (July 2021 est.)
• Population growth rate .............................................................. -0.23% (2021 est.)
• Birth rate..................................................... 8.69 births/1,000 population (2021 est.)
• Death rate................................................ 10.68 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.)
• Net migration rate............................... -0.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.)
• Ethnic groups*..................... Polish 96.9%, Silesian 1.1%, German 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7% (2011 est.)

* Represents ethnicity declared first

CIA World Factbook