E.g., 04/23/2024
E.g., 04/23/2024
Brain Drain & Brain Gain

Brain Drain & Brain Gain

The movement of skilled workers internationally represents brain gain for the countries that reap their skills and experience and brain drain for their countries of origin. On the brain gain side of the divide, countries increasingly are looking to position their immigration policies to attract the types of international workers and students whose skills they desire. On the brain drain side, the development impacts of losing educated workers are being assessed in immigrant-sending and receiving countries alike as the research presented here shows.

Recent Activity

Crossers at the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border
Articles
March 7, 2023
Crisis Prompts Record Emigration from Nicaragua, Surpassing Cold War Era
By Charles G. Ripley III
Cover image for Migration, Integration, and Diaspora Engagement in the Caribbean
Reports
March 2023
Migration, Integration, and Diaspora Engagement in the Caribbean: A Policy Review
By  Valerie Lacarte, Jordi Amaral, Diego Chaves-González, Ana María Sáiz and Jeremy Harris
Multimedia
November 17, 2022
Climate Change in the World’s Fastest Growing Economy
Image of indigenous Warao in a canoe on the Kaituma River in Guyana
Articles
July 27, 2022
Discovery of Oil Could Bring Migrant Labor Opportunities and Climate Displacement Challenges for Guyana
By Camila Idrovo, Jermaine Grant, and Julia Romani Yanoff
cover image for Destination-Country Policies to Foster Diaspora Engagement in Development
Reports
April 2022
Destination-Country Policies to Foster Diaspora Engagement in Development
By  Kathleen Newland
A tuk tuk driver in India.
Articles
March 9, 2022
Origin of World’s Largest Migrant Population, India Seeks to Leverage Immigration
By Ruchi Singh
Cover image for How Can Europe Deliver on the Potential of Talent Partnerships?
Policy Briefs
December 2021
How Can Europe Deliver on the Potential of Talent Partnerships?
By  Kate Hooper
Two boys pose in an informal settlement east of Johannesburg largely populated by immigrants.
Articles
November 18, 2021
South Africa Reckons with Its Status as a Top Immigration Destination, Apartheid History, and Economic Challenges
By Khangelani Moyo

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Coverthumb GlobalCompact SkillPartnerships
Policy Briefs
September 2018
Reimagining Skilled Migration Partnerships to Support Development
By  Kate Hooper
New Brain Gain: Rising Human Capital among Recent Immigrants to the United States
Fact Sheets
June 2017
New Brain Gain: Rising Human Capital among Recent Immigrants to the United States
By  Jeanne Batalova and Michael Fix
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Reports
March 2017
The Long Road Ahead: Status Report on the Implementation of the ASEAN MRAs on Professional Services
By  Dovelyn Rannveig Mendoza and Guntur Sugiyarto
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Reports
February 2017
Firing Up Regional Brain Networks: The Promise of Brain Circulation in the ASEAN Economic Community
By  Jeanne Batalova, Andriy Shymonyak and Guntur Sugiyarto
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Reports
March 2016
Spain: New Emigration Policies Needed for an Emerging Diaspora
By  Joaquín Arango
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Reports
February 2016
The Germany-Turkey Migration Corridor: Refitting Policies for a Transnational Age
By  Yaşar Aydın
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Reports
February 2016
Achieving Skill Mobility in the ASEAN Economic Community: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Implications
By  Demetrios G. Papademetriou, Dovelyn Rannveig Mendoza, Brian Salant and Guntur Sugiyarto
coverthumb_TCM Emigration Portugal
Reports
February 2016
Emigration from Portugal: Old Wine in New Bottles?
By  David Justino

Pages

Migrantes en la frontera entre Nicaragua y Costa Rica.
Feature
April 19, 2023
Crisis provoca emigración récord desde Nicaragua, superando los niveles de la Guerra Fría

En Nicaragua, una crisis política marcada por el creciente autoritarismo del Presidente Daniel Ortega ha desencadenado la mayor migración de la historia moderna del país, superando incluso las cifras registradas durante la Guerra Fría. Cientos de miles de personas han huido, incluidos intelectuales, artistas y académicos que se han dirigido a Costa Rica, Estados Unidos y otros países, provocando una fuga de cerebros. Este artículo brinda una visión general del éxodo y lo sitúa en un contexto histórico.

A displaced Ukrainian in Prague.
Feature
March 21, 2023
Can Czechia Capitalize on High-Skilled Immigration amid Influx of Ukrainians?

High-skilled immigration represents a potential major benefit to Czechia, which has undergone rapid economic growth since the transition from communism. The arrival of hundreds of thousands of new Ukrainians, many of whom are well educated, marks a moment for the country to re-evaluate its integration policies, as this article details.

Crossers at the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border
Feature
March 7, 2023
Crisis Prompts Record Emigration from Nicaragua, Surpassing Cold War Era

A political crisis marked by Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega’s growing authoritarianism has sparked the largest emigration in the country’s modern history. Hundreds of thousands have fled, including intellectuals, artists, and academics. They increasingly are heading beyond the traditional destination of Costa Rica, to the United States and beyond, as this article details.

Image of indigenous Warao in a canoe on the Kaituma River in Guyana
Feature
July 27, 2022
Discovery of Oil Could Bring Migrant Labor Opportunities and Climate Displacement Challenges for Guyana

The discovery of massive oil reserves off the Guyana coast will bring immense riches to this small South American country. This windfall will draw migrant labor and the return of some diaspora members to Guyana, which has one of the world's highest emigration rates. It also could accelerate climate displacement in a country where 90 percent of the population lives in coastal areas below the sea level. This article explores the changes ahead.

A tuk tuk driver in India.
Profile
March 9, 2022
Origin of World’s Largest Migrant Population, India Seeks to Leverage Immigration

With nearly 18 million nationals abroad, India is the origin of more international migrants than any other country and claims the world's largest diaspora. Indian emigration can be traced back to the colonial era, with the British empire dispatching Indian workers across the globe, and has evolved for more than a century in response to global labor demands and geopolitical events. This article offers a comprehensive profile of migration from and to India.

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EVENTPH 2014.12.16 Flow of Skilled Labour within ASEAN
Audio
December 16, 2014

A ‘Freer’ Flow of Skilled Labour within ASEAN: Aspirations, Opportunities, and Challenges in 2015 and Beyond

This Bangkok launch of the MPI-IOM Issue in Brief "A ‘Freer’ Flow of Skilled Labour within ASEAN: Aspirations, Opportunities and Challenges in 2015 and Beyond" explored the creation of the ASEAN Economic Community and its vision of a freer flow of skilled labor, as well as other migration issues affecting the region.

MI_GlobalDiasporaForum
Video
July 25, 2012

U.S. Secretary of State’s Global Diaspora Forum: Moving Forward by Giving Back

The 2012 Global Diaspora Forum challenged diaspora communities to forge partnerships with the private sector, civil society, and public institutions in order to make their engagements with their countries of origin or ancestry effective, scalable, and sustainable.

MI_MPI_IOM_Handbook
Video, Audio
July 11, 2012

MPI/IOM Panel Discussion and Asia-Pacific Launch of Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas in Development

A discussion with Dr. Noppawan Tanpipat, Vice President, National Science and Technology Development Agency; Frank Laczko, Head, Migration Research Division, IOM; Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias, Regional Research Officer, IOM, and Policy Analyst, Migration Policy Institute (MPI); and Kathleen Newland, Director of Migrants, Migration, and Development, Migration Policy Institute (MPI).

MI_developingroadmapengagingdiaspora
Video, Audio
June 26, 2012

Developing a Road Map for Engaging Diasporas in Development

This discussion highlights the best practices and experiences of different countries in engaging and maximizing the contributions that diasporas can and do make to the development of their country of origin, and more broadly the experience of policymakers in both sending and receiving countries and the related challenges and opportunities they face.

MI_EngagingDiasporas
Video, Audio
May 23, 2012

MPI Europe - IOM Brussels Event - Engaging Diasporas in Europe for Development

The launch of the Diaspora handbook and a joint panel discussion that explored the opportunities and challenges that governments face when developing strategies to engage diaspora populations.

Pages

Recent Activity

Reports
March 2016

Spain: New Emigration Policies Needed for an Emerging Diaspora

This report discusses Spain’s changing migration patterns in the wake of dramatic economic downturn, paying special attention to the effects of the emigration of young, native-born Spaniards. The report also focuses on policies geared toward engaging the increasing number of Spaniards abroad, finding that much of Spain's policy towards diasporas predates the 1980s.

Reports
February 2016

The Germany-Turkey Migration Corridor: Refitting Policies for a Transnational Age

This Transatlantic Council on Migration report describes how the migration of nationals between Germany and Turkey has developed over recent decades; examines the economic, social, and political factors behind this development; and discusses the policy implications and lessons that can be drawn.

Reports
February 2016

Achieving Skill Mobility in the ASEAN Economic Community: Challenges, Opportunities, and Policy Implications

This report by MPI and the Asian Development Bank lays out a realistic roadmap toward freer movement among skilled professionals within the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), encouraging cooperation among ASEAN Member States in recognizing foreign qualifications and making government investments in training and educations systems that prepare workers in accordance with common standards.

Reports
February 2016

Emigration from Portugal: Old Wine in New Bottles?

While emigration increased after Portugal plunged into an economically turbulent period amid the global financial crisis, the country's image as the poster child for post-crisis outmigration may be misplaced. This report explores the scale, drivers, and impact of emigration from Portugal since the turn of the millennium, and examines how the country can stem emigration and promote the return of emigrants.

Reports
February 2016

Emigration Trends and Policies in China: Movement of the Wealthy and Highly Skilled

This report analyzes the evolution of Chinese emigration from the 1970s, when market-oriented reforms began reducing barriers to movement beyond the country's borders, to the present day. High-skilled and high-value emigration is rising fast. Despite liberalized exit controls, low-skilled labor migration is stagnant as a result of complicated and expensive recruitment procedures.

Reports
February 2016

Reaching a “Fair Deal” on Talent: Emigration, Circulation, and Human Capital in Countries of Origin

While skilled migration brings widely acknowledged economic benefits for destination countries and migrants, its impact on countries of origin has been the subject of more debate. Despite a growing consensus that origin countries can benefit from emigration and the circulation of skills, enabling this potential to be fully exploited remains a challenge. This report examines initiatives that develop skills and human capital.

Audio
December 16, 2015

Shortage Amid Surplus: Emigration and Human Capital Development in the Philippines

This briefing in Bangkok launches the MPI-IOM Issue in Brief, Shortage amid Surplus: Emigration and Human Capital Development in the Philippines, which reviews the impacts of the Philippines' successful labor export policy on skills development and human capital growth within the country. While Filipino migrant workers contribute significantly to the national economy with the remittances they send home (over US $27 billion in 2014), this reliance on exporting labor raises an important question: Has the nation’s focus on preparing workers to leave compromised human capital development at home?

Reports
December 2015

The Changing Face of Emigration: Harnessing the Potential of the New Greek Diaspora

Large outflows of educated young people escaping high levels of unemployment, in tandem with inflows of unauthorized migrants, pose a fresh set of challenges for Greek policymakers. This Transatlantic Council on Migration report examines Greek emigration, and its economic implications, before exploring policy directions to minimize the costs and maximize the benefits of this mobility.

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