Brain Drain and Brain Gain |
The "Brain Gain" Race Begins with Foreign Students
By Jeanne Batalova, MPI
Migration Information Source, January 2007
The United States has been a destination for education and research for
generations of foreign students and scholars. MPI's Jeanne Batalova
explores why the country has become less dominant in the global
education market in recent years.
|  Emigration, Brain Drain and Development: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa
By Arno Tanner, Visiting Scholar
Published by East-West Books Helsinki and the Migration Policy Institute, Fall 2005
Arno Tanner finds that while emigration may be beneficial in some cases, unhindered high-skilled emigration, particularly in the case of sub-Saharan Africa, can have disastrous consequences. Dr. Tanner recommends specific policies where carefully targeted development measures could be used to mitigate the negative consequences of brain drain. |
Reassessing the Impacts of Brain Drain on Developing Countries
By Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah
Institute for Public Policy Research
Migration Information Source, August 2005
The assumption that brain drain is everywhere and always negative does not necessarily hold true and hides the need for a more nuanced methodology for assessing migration's impacts.
|
New Research Challenges Notion of German "Brain Drain"
By Claudia Diehl, German Federal Institute for Population Research, and David Dixon, MPI
Migration Information Source, August 2005
For years, Germany has been concerned about losing its top minds to the United States. While highly skilled individuals are leaving for the United States, most of the increase is accounted for by temporary migrants. |
The Global Tug-of-War for Health Care Workers
By Kimberly Hamilton and Jennifer Yau
Migration Information Source, December 2004
This article analyzes the major challenges and policy responses surrounding the migration of health care workers from developing countries. |
Skilled Migration Abroad or Human Capital Flight?
By B. Lindsay Lowell, Georgetown University
Migration Information Source, June 2003
This article sketches the big picture of skilled migration, touching on both negative impacts and positive feedback for developing states. |
Brain Drain and Gain: The Case of Taiwan
By Kevin O'Neil
Migration Information Source, September 2003
Kevin O'Neil takes a close look at how Taiwan has reaped economic benefits from high-skilled migration. |
A New Surge of Interest in Migration and Development
By Kathleen Newland
Migration Information Source, February 2007
A number of governments and institutions are determined to ride international migration toward a future of greater prosperity. MPI's Kathleen Newland outlines what they all should know about the pluses and minuses of the most basic issues that frame the debate on migration and development: remittances and the brain drain. |
Circular Migration and Development |
 Circular Migration and Development: Trends, Policy Routes, and Ways Forward
By Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias and Kathleen Newland
Policy Brief, April 2007
Circular migration, the temporary or permanent return of migrants to their countries of origin, is seen as offering benefits to countries of migrant origin, to destination countries, and to migrants themselves.
The most common policy route to encourage circulation has been to ensure that migrants maintain ties with their countries of origin, by providing financial incentives to return or by enforcing strict measures to prevent their remaining permanently in destination countries. Experience from many countries shows that this conventional set of policies has not, and in all probability will not, work on its own. Effective circular migration arrangements call for policies that strengthen ties to countries of both origin and destination. An environment that helps migrants to reach their goals—as manifested for instance by accumulated savings, newly acquired skills, and successful business ventures—is most likely to foster temporary or permanent return. |
 From Zero Sum to a Win-Win Scenario:
A Literature Review on Circular Migration
By Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias
September 2006
This report looks at the policy implications of new research findings on the developmental impacts of circular migration. It highlights new research on how diasporas relate to their countries of origin and reviews policies intended to encourage circular migration, including temporary worker schemes, and the hotly contested issues surrounding them. |
Burkina Faso: Testing the Tradition of Circular Migration
By Brad Kress, UK's Centre for Research into Economic and Social Trends
Migration Information Source, May 2006
One of the poorest countries in the world, Burkina Faso is a former French colony in Western Africa that has traditionally sent thousands of seasonal migrants to Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Brad Kress examines the migration issues facing the country today.
|
Circular Migration: Keeping Development Rolling?
By Graeme Hugo, University of Adelaide
Migration Information Source, June 2003
Non-permanent, circular migration between nations has increased. Graeme Hugo of the University of Adelaide looks at the implications for development in Asia. |
Discussion on Migration and Development: Using Remittances and Circular Migration as Drivers for Development
By Kevin O'Neil
Summary Report, April 2003 |
Secondary Migration: Who Re-Migrates and Why These Migrants Matter
By Ayumi Takenaka, Bryn Mawr College
Migration Information Source,
April 2007
Relatively little is known about migration that involves more than one destination. Ayumi Takenaka examines the available data to assess who re-migrates to the United States. |
Diasporas, Migrant Organizations, and Development |
Beyond Remittances:
The Role of Diaspora in Poverty Reduction in the Their Countries of Origin
A Scoping Study by Kathleen Newland with Erin Patrick for the Department of International Development, UK, July 2004
This paper examines the role of diaspora in poverty reduction through four main areas of focus: policy and practice toward diaspora by countries of origin; diaspora economic, social and political engagement in countries of origin; donor engagement with diaspora; and recommendations to maximize the contribution of diaspora to development and poverty reduction. The report includes case studies of China, India, the Philippines, Mexico, Eritrea, and Taiwan, which are used to illustrate six contrasting patterns. |
Migrant Hometown Associations and Opportunities for Development: A Global Perspective
By Manuel Orozco and Rebecca Rouse, Inter-American Dialogue
Migration Information Source, February 2007
This article provides an overview of HTAs, active throughout the United States, Europe, and parts of East Asia, as well as the development role they play.
|
Ghana: Searching for Opportunities at Home and Abroad
By
Micah Bump, Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University
Migration Information Source, March 2006
Perhaps best known for its brain drain and the related success of its diaspora, Ghana also has an important role in West African migration patterns, past and present. Micah Bump of Georgetown's Institute for the Study of International Migration takes a detailed look at a country in transition. |
The Political Importance of Diasporas
By Steve Vertovec, University of Oxford
Migration Information Source, June 2005
Belonging to a diaspora entails a consciousness of, or emotional attachment to, a place of origin and its culture. Steve Vertovec explains the role diasporas play in migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries. |
Assessing the Tsunami's Effects on Migration
By Frank Laczko and Elizabeth Collett, International Organization for Migration
Migration Information Source, April 2005
Asia’s tsunami will have an enduring impact on diaspora groups and immigration policy, write Frank Laczko and Elizabeth Collett of IOM. |
Refugee Diasporas, Remittances, Development, and Conflict
By Nicholas Van Hear, Institute for International Studies
Migration Information Source, June 2003
This article presents some of the distinct features of refugee diasporas, as well as their impact on development policy. |
Beyond Regional Circularity: The Emergence of an Ethiopian Diaspora
By Aaron Matteo Terrazas
Migration Information Source, June 2007
While Ethiopians have long followed seasonal migration patterns within the Horn of Africa, it was only after the political upheavals of the 1970s that they began to settle in the West. |
Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home
By Shirin Hakimzadeh
Migration Information Source, September 2006
Iran has long connected the great civilizations of Asia, the Near East and the Mediterranean. But since the Islamic Revolution, hundreds of thousands of highly skilled Iranians have emigrated while millions of refugees from Afghanistan and Iraq have entered the country. Shirin Hakimzadeh takes a detailed look at Iran's past and present migration issues. |
Diasporas and Development:
The Latin American Experience
By Manuel Orozco, Inter-American Dialogue
Migration Information Source, June 2003
This article examines the increasing relevance of economic ties between diasporas and home country economies in Latin America.
|
Russia Beckons, But Diaspora Wary
By Timothy Heleniak, World Bank
Migration Information Source, October 2002
Will President Putin realize his dream of a mass return of the Russian diaspora? Timothy Heleniak assesses Russia's migration dilemma. |
General Resources on Migration and Development |
A New Surge of Interest in Migration and Development
By Kathleen Newland, Migration Policy Institute
Migration Information Source, February 2007
A number of governments and institutions are determined to ride international migration toward a future of greater prosperity. MPI's Kathleen Newland outlines what they should know about the pluses and minuses of the most basic issues that frame the debate on migration and development: remittances and the brain drain. |
Reframing the Migration and Development Policy Discussion
By Sharon Stanton Russell, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Migration Information Source, June 2003
Migration and development are high on the international agenda, and Sharon Stanton Russell highlights emerging features of the new policy debate. |
Migration and Development: Blind Faith and Hard-to-Find Facts
By Kimberly Hamilton
Migration Information Source, November 2003
Kim Hamilton outlines a research agenda for migration and development. |
Migration as a Factor in Development and Poverty Reduction
By Kathleen Newland
Migration Information Source, June 2003
Kathleen Newland provides a concise overview of the impact of rich country migration policies on poor country development. |
"Migration as a Factor in Development and Poverty Reduction: The Impact of Rich Countries' Immigration Policies on the Prospects of the Poor"
By Kathleen Newland
Impact of Rich Countries' Policies on Poor Countries: Towards a Level Playing Field in Development Cooperation
Transaction Press, 2004
|
"Realizing the Potential of Migrant 'Earn, Learn, and Return' Strategies: Does Policy Matter?"
By Kimberly Hamilton and Elizabeth Grieco
Commitment to Development Index
Center for Global Development, February 2004 |
Citizenship Policies for an Age of Migration
By T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer
(Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, May 2002) |
Minimizing Development-Induced Displacement
By Courtland Robinson, Johns Hopkins University Migration Information Source, January 2004
Courtland Robinson
analyzes steps to minimize the negative side of development, which has uprooted millions worldwide. |
Fostering Cooperation Between Source and Destination Countries
By Susan Martin, Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University; Philip Martin, UC Davis; and Patrick Weil, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Migration Information Source, October 2002
Cultivating sustained cooperation between source and destination states is essential to migration management. |
|
|
 New
MPI Fact Sheet Provides First Look at the 2007 Slowdown in Remittances
to Mexican States
By Aaron Matteo Terrazas
Fact Sheet No. 19, September 2007
In 2006, Mexico received an estimated $24.5 billion in remittances -- 11.3 percent
of the total $276 billion in remittances worldwide. While migrant remittances
to Mexico grew an average of 19.1 percent annually between 2003 and 2006, however,
they increased by just 0.6 percent in the first half of 2007 compared to the
first half of 2006. A new MPI fact sheet provides a first look remittances to
Mexico by state for 2003 to 2007, highlighting the states that may be most severely
affected by a slowdown in money coming in from migrants abroad in the first six
months of 2007.
English | Español | Press
Release |
 The
Phenomenal Rise in Remittances to India: A Closer Look
By Muzaffar A. Chishti
Policy Brief, May 2007
India’s remittances have skyrocketed in the past 10 years, jumping
from $2.1 billion in FY1990-1991 to $24.1 billion in FY2005-2006.
India captures 10 percent of global remittances, making it the single
largest recipient in the world. Muzaffar Chishti examines the factors
behind this surge, from economic reforms to migrants’ shift
to higher-skilled jobs. He finds that while remittances exceed total
government expenditures in health and education, the Indian government
has not instituted any policies specifically aimed at increasing remittance
flows. Looking forward, the most significant factor in remittance
and investment flows may ultimately be how Non-Resident Indians (NRIs)
perceive the Indian economy, and the challenge for the government
will be leveraging inflows of NRI capital for broader socioeconomic
development. |
 Leveraging
Remittances for Development
By Dilip Ratha, The World Bank
June 2007
In 2006, recorded remittances sent home by migrants from developing
countries reached $206 billion, more than double the level in 2001.
The true scale of remittances, including unrecorded flows through
formal and informal channels, is believed to be even larger. Dilip
Ratha looks at the growing importance of remittances and their impact
on development. He lays out a four-part international remittances
agenda including (a) monitoring, analysis, and projection; (b) retail
payment systems; (c) financial access of individuals or households;
and (d) leveraging remittances for capital market access of financial
institutions or countries. |
Beyond
Remittances:
The Role of Diaspora in Poverty Reduction in the Their Countries of
Origin
A Scoping Study by Kathleen Newland with Erin Patrick for the Department
of International Development, UK, July 2004
This paper examines the role of diaspora in poverty reduction through
four main areas of focus: policy and practice toward diaspora by countries
of origin; diaspora economic, social and political engagement in countries
of origin; donor engagement with diaspora; and recommendations to
maximize the contribution of diaspora to development and poverty reduction.
The report includes case studies of China, India, the Philippines,
Mexico, Eritrea, and Taiwan, which are used to illustrate six contrasting
patterns. |
Remittances
and Development: Trends, Impacts, and Policy Options -- A Review
of the Literature
By Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias
September 2006
This report provides a comprehensive overview of the current academic
and policy literature on remittances. Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias explores
questions such as who sends and receives remittances, how much is
remitted, methods by which remittances are sent, and what motivates
migrants to send money home. She also delves into the ongoing
debate on the impact of remittances on development, going beyond a
discussion of economic impacts to include political and social implications.
The report reviews existing policy initiatives on remittances and
emphasizes the still enormous challenges in making these programs
work for development. |
Remittances
from the United States in Context
By Kevin O'Neil
Migration Information Source, June 2003
Kevin O'Neil outlines key aspects of remittances from the United States |
Refugee
Diasporas, Remittances, Development, and Conflict
By Nicholas Van Hear, Institute for International
Studies
Migration Information Source, June 2003
This article presents some of the distinct features of refugee
diasporas, as well as their impact on development policy. |
Soaring
Remittances Raise New Issues
By Richard Black, University of Sussex
Migration Information Source, June 2003
Global remittances by migrants seem to be on the rise,
and Richard Black maps out the issues this presents
for researchers and policymakers. |
Discussion on
Migration and Development: Using Remittances and Circular Migration
as Drivers for Development
By Kevin O'Neil
Summary Report, April 2003 |
A
New Surge of Interest in Migration and Development
By Kathleen Newland
Migration Information Source, February 2007
A number of governments and institutions are determined to ride international
migration toward a future of greater prosperity. MPI's Kathleen Newland
outlines what they all should know about the pluses and minuses of
the most basic issues that frame the debate on migration and development:
remittances and the brain drain.
|
Remittances
By Kevin O'Neil
Migration Information Source, June 2003
This article outlines key aspects of remittances from the
United States.
|
|
|
Protecting Overseas Workers: Lessons and Cautions from the Philippines
By Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias, MPI, and Neil Ruiz, Brookings Institution
Insight, September 2007
The world’s largest migrant welfare fund, the Philippines’ Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA), shows that countries of origin can institutionalize protection of migrant workers through a mechanism for repatriation, provision of insurance and loans, and education and training. However, countries of origin must overcome several limitations to fully realize these benefits. The Philippine case highlights the importance of meeting the core needs of overseas workers without overextending the government’s capacity; political, administrative, and financial transparency and accountability; and the effective use of government resources. Destination countries should also establish mechanisms to protect migrant workers and help build capacity for welfare funds and countries of origin. As temporary worker programs gain increased international attention, both the accomplishments and the limitations of the Philippines’ experience offer guidance for policymakers in other countries seeking to expand temporary migration programs. |
Linking Temporary Worker Schemes with Development
By Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias
Migration Information Source, February 2007
Temporary workers, generally seen as a solution to the changing and growing economic needs of developed countries, rarely focus on the needs of migrant-sending countries. MPI's Dovelyn Agunias reviews relevant research and the policy options proposed for closing this gap. |
US Employment-Based Admissions: Permanent and Temporary
By Susan Martin, Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University
Task Force Policy Brief No. 15, January 2006
The pros and cons of existing temporary worker programs in the United States include giving employers a chance to test employees for their contributions to society and the economy, but in some cases, making temporary workers vulnerable to exploitation because they are dependent on specific employers or jobs for their legal status. |
Temporary Worker Programs: A Patchwork Policy Response
By Deborah W. Meyers
Task Force Insight No. 12, January 2006
In fiscal year 2004, the volume of admissions to the United States for temporary workers, trainees, and their dependants reached nearly 1.5 million people. Within these employment-based visa categories, temporary workers have dramatic variations of stay that range from three months to ten years, and many are transitioning to the permanent system. |
|
The Growing Connection Between Temporary and Permanent Immigration Systems
By Jeanne Batalova
Task Force Insight No. 14, January 2006
The distinction between temporary and permanent migration, clearly demarcated in past decades, has become increasingly blurred. A new immigrant admissions system has emerged that is neith temporary nor permanent, but rather a transitional system that allows visa holders to prove their worth to employers and the broader economy.
|
Temporary Work Programs Back in Fashion
Migration Information Source Top 10 Issues of 2005
The legacy of guest-worker programs has kept most Western countries from considering new schemes even when faced with low-skill labor shortages. But those attitudes began to shift in 2005. |
South Korea: Balancing Labor Demand with Strict Controls
By Young-bum Park, Hansung University, Seoul
Migration Information Source, December 2004
Young-bum Park outlines South Korea's response to temporary labor demands and its approach to integrating North Korean refugees. |
US Temporary Worker Programs: Lessons Learned
By Doris Meissner
Migration Information Source, March 2004
This article examines the challenges and opportunities, past and present, posed by temporary migrant labor programs. |
Temporary High-Skilled Migration
By Maia Jachimowicz
Migration Information Source, November 2002
Globalization has made the international mobility of high-skilled workers a vital issue for the United States. MPI's Maia Jachimowicz and Policy Analyst Deborah W. Meyers explain the complicated visa system for high-skilled temporary workers. |
|
Africa |
Burkina Faso: Testing the Tradition of Circular Migration
By Brad Kress, UK's Centre for Research into Economic and Social Trends
Migration Information Source, May 2006
One of the poorest countries in the world, Burkina Faso is a former French colony in Western Africa that has traditionally sent thousands of seasonal migrants to Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana. Brad Kress examines the migration issues facing the country today. |
Ghana: Searching for Opportunities at Home and Abroad
By Micah Bump, Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University
Migration Information Source, March 2006
Perhaps best known for its brain drain and the related success of its diaspora, Ghana also has an important role in West African migration patterns, past and present. Micah Bump of Georgetown's Institute for the Study of International Migration takes a detailed look at a country in transition. |
Kenya: What Role for Diaspora in Development?
By Ken Okoth
Migration Information Source, August 2003
Kenya is looking to its educated diaspora to meet development goals and achieve global competitiveness, according to MPI’s Ken Okoth.
|
Beyond Remittances:
The Role of Diaspora in Poverty Reduction in the Their Countries of Origin
A Scoping Study by Kathleen Newland with Erin Patrick for the Department of International Development, UK, July 2004
This paper examines the role of diaspora in poverty reduction through four main areas of focus: policy and practice toward diaspora by countries of origin; diaspora economic, social and political engagement in countries of origin; donor engagement with diaspora; and recommendations to maximize the contribution of diaspora to development and poverty reduction. The report includes case studies of China, India, the Philippines, Mexico, Eritrea, and Taiwan, which are used to illustrate six contrasting patterns. |
Cape Verde: Towards the End of Emigration?
By
Jorgen Carling, International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO)
Migration Information Source, November 2002
Very few countries have experienced emigration on a scale approaching that of Cape Verde. Jorgen Carling examines migration's effects on the country's past and present, as well as its implications for the future. |
Morocco: From Emigration Country to Africa's Migration Passage to Europe
Hein de Haas, Radboud University, Nijmegen
Migration Information Source,
A source for Europe's labor needs since the 1960s, Moroccan migrants and their remittances are central to the economy back home. But Morocco is also becoming a transit and immigration country for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa.
Version française |
|
Protecting Overseas Workers: Lessons and Cautions from the Philippines
By Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias, MPI, and Neil Ruiz, Brookings Institution
Insight, September 2007
The world’s largest migrant welfare fund, the Philippines’ Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA), shows that countries of origin can institutionalize protection of migrant workers through a mechanism for repatriation, provision of insurance and loans, and education and training. However, countries of origin must overcome several limitations to fully realize these benefits. The Philippine case highlights the importance of meeting the core needs of overseas workers without overextending the government’s capacity; political, administrative, and financial transparency and accountability; and the effective use of government resources. Destination countries should also establish mechanisms to protect migrant workers and help build capacity for welfare funds and countries of origin. As temporary worker programs gain increased international attention, both the accomplishments and the limitations of the Philippines’ experience offer guidance for policymakers in other countries seeking to expand temporary migration programs. |
The Phenomenal Rise in Remittances to India: A Closer Look
By Muzaffar A. Chishti
Policy Brief, May 2007
India’s remittances have skyrocketed in the past 10 years, jumping from $2.1 billion in FY1990-1991 to $24.1 billion in FY2005-2006. India captures 10 percent of global remittances, making it the single largest recipient in the world. Muzaffar Chishti examines the factors behind this surge, from economic reforms to migrants’ shift to higher-skilled jobs. He finds that while remittances exceed total government expenditures in health and education, the Indian government has not instituted any policies specifically aimed at increasing remittance flows. Looking forward, the most significant factor in remittance and investment flows may ultimately be how Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) perceive the Indian economy, and the challenge for the government will be leveraging inflows of NRI capital for broader socioeconomic development.
Related Migration Information Source article |
Assessing the Tsunami's Effects on Migration
By Frank Laczko and Elizabeth Collett, International Organization for Migration
Migration Information Source, April 2005
Asia’s tsunami will have an enduring impact on diaspora groups and immigration policy, write Frank Laczko and Elizabeth Collett of IOM.
|
Beyond Remittances:
The Role of Diaspora in Poverty Reduction in the Their Countries of Origin
A Scoping Study by Kathleen Newland with Erin Patrick for the Department of International Development, UK, July 2004
This paper examines the role of diaspora in poverty reduction through four main areas of focus: policy and practice toward diaspora by countries of origin; diaspora economic, social and political engagement in countries of origin; donor engagement with diaspora; and recommendations to maximize the contribution of diaspora to development and poverty reduction. The report includes case studies of China, India, the Philippines, Mexico, Eritrea, and Taiwan, which are used to illustrate six contrasting patterns. |
Brain Drain and Gain: The Case of Taiwan
By Kevin O'Neil
September 2003
Kevin O'Neil takes a close look at how Taiwan has reaped economic benefits from high-skilled migration. |
|
|
Gaining from Migration: Towards a New Mobility System
A new report lead written by Demetrios G. Papademetriou and Gregory A. Maniatis finds that a functioning migration system in Europe must treat sending and transit countries as genuine partners. The report recommends that EU policymakers forego restrictive rhetoric and instead create more legal channels and flexible options for immigrants’ entry and stay to attract workers in industries that most need them. At the same time, and in recognition of the fact that immigration cannot succeed unless immigrants integrate successfully, European countries must become more flexible in giving immigrants access to their labor markets and political systems.
Executive Summary | Press Release |
Immigrants and EU Labor Markets
By Louka T. Katseli, OECD Development Centre
Migration Information Source, December 2004
Louka Katseli explains why effective migration policies in Europe are as much a political as a technical issue. |
Europe Attracts More Migrants from China
By Frank Laczo, International Organization for Migration
Migration Information Source, July 2003
Frank Laczko examines how increasing numbers of Chinese immigrants are entering Europe.
|
Morocco: From Emigration Country to Africa's Migration Passage to Europe
Hein de Haas, University of Oxford
Migration Information Source, October 2005
A source for Europe's labor needs since the 1960s, Moroccan migrants and their remittances are central to the economy back home. But Morocco is also becoming a transit and immigration country for migrants from sub-Saharan Africa.
Maroc: De pays d'émigration vers passage migratoire africain vers l'Europe
(Version française) |
Trans-Saharan Migration to North Africa and the EU: Historical Roots and Current Trends
Hein de Haas, University of Oxford
Migration Information Source, November 2006
Sub-Saharan Africans are increasingly migrating to North African countries, with some using the region as a point of transit to Europe and some remaining in North Africa. Hein de Haas of the University of Oxford examines the the region’s migration trends.
Migrations Transsahariennes vers l'Afrique du Nord et l'UE: Origines Historiques et Tendances Actuelles
(Version française) |
|
Latin America and the Caribbean |
Variable Impacts: State-level Analysis of the Slowdown in the Growth of Remittances to Mexico
In 2006, Mexico received an estimated $24.5 billion in remittances -- 11.3 percent of the total $276 billion in remittances worldwide. While migrant remittances to Mexico grew an average of 19.1 percent annually between 2003 and 2006, however, they increased by just 0.6 percent in the first half of 2007 compared to the first half of 2006. A new MPI fact sheet provides a first look remittances to Mexico by state for 2003 to 2007, highlighting the states that may be most severely affected by a slowdown in money coming in from migrants abroad in the first six months of 2007.
English | Español | Press Release |
Migration and Development: Lessons from the Mexican Experience
By Raúl Delgado-Wise, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, and Luis Eduardo Guarnizo, University of California Davis
Migration Information Source, February 2007
Mexico has often been cited as a successful example of the positive relationship between migration and development. But Raúl Delgado-Wise and Luis Eduardo Guarnizo show why Mexico's model is unsustainable. |
Ecuador: Diversity in Migration
By Brad Jokish, Ohio University
Migration Information Source, February 2007
Thousands of Ecuadorians live in the United States and Spain, making migration-related development policy a major issue for the government. At the same time, the country has received economic migrants from Peru but has done little to address the Colombian refugee situation.
Haga clic para leer el artículo en español. |
Remittance Trends in Central America
By Dovelyn Rannveig Agunias
Migration Information Source, April 2006
In 2004, Central American countries received US$ 7.8 billion in remittances through official channels. Are remittances hurting or helping the region? |
|
US Employment-Based Admissions: Permanent and Temporary
By Susan Martin, Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University
Task Force Policy Brief No. 15, January 2006
The pros and cons of existing temporary worker programs in the United States include giving employers a chance to test employees for their contributions to society and the economy, but in some cases, making temporary workers vulnerable to exploitation because they are dependent on specific employers or jobs for their legal status.
|
Temporary Worker Programs: A Patchwork Policy Response
By Deborah W. Meyers
Task Force Insight No. 12, January 2006
In fiscal year 2004, the volume of admissions to the United States for temporary workers, trainees, and their dependants reached nearly 1.5 million people. Within these employment-based visa categories, temporary workers have dramatic variations of stay that range from three months to ten years, and many are transitioning to the permanent system.
|
The Growing Connection Between Temporary and Permanent Immigration Systems
By Jeanne Batalova
Task Force Insight No. 14, January 2006
The distinction between temporary and permanent migration, clearly demarcated in past decades, has become increasingly blurred. A new immigrant admissions system has emerged that is neith temporary nor permanent, but rather a transitional system that allows visa holders to prove their worth to employers and the broader economy.
|
Remittances from the United States in Context
By Kevin O'Neil
Migration Information Source, June 2003
Kevin O'Neil outlines key aspects of remittances from the United States. |
Remittances
By Kevin O'Neil
Migration Information Source, June 2003
This article outlines key aspects of remittances from the United States. |
|
